agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.3.281-294agronauka-1040Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEWСостояние и перспективы использования растительного сырья в кормах для аквакультуры (обзор)Current state and trends of the use of vegetable feedstock in aquaculture feeds (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-0655ПахомовВ. И.PakhomovV. I.

Пахомов Виктор Иванович, доктор техн. наук, и.о. директора, ФГБНУ «Аграрный научный центр «Донской»; зав. кафедрой «Технологии и оборудование переработки продукции АПК», ФГБОУ ВО «Донской государственный технический университет»

ул. Ленина 14, г. Зерноград, Ростовская область, 347740

пл. Гагарина 1, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344010

Viktor I. Pakhomov, DSc in Engineering, Director, Agricultural Research Centre Donskoy; Head of the Department «Technologies and equipment for processing of agricultural products », Don State Technical University

14 Lenin St., Zernograd, Rostov Region, 347740

1 Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344010

vniptim@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8476-9663ХлыстуновВ. Ф.KhlystunovV. F.

Хлыстунов Виктор Федорович, доктор техн. наук, ученый секретарь по механизации и электрификации

ул. Ленина 14, г. Зерноград, Ростовская область, 347740

Viktor F. Khlystunov, DSc in Engineering, academic secretary on mechanization and electrification

14 Lenin St., Zernograd, Rostov Region, 347740

vniptim@gmail.comБрагинецС. В.BraginetsS. V.

Брагинец Сергей Валерьевич, кандидат техн. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела переработки продукции растениеводства, ФГБНУ «Аграрный научный центр «Донской»; доцент кафедры «Проектирование и технический сервис транспортно-технологических систем», ФГБОУ ВО «Донской государственный технический университет»

ул. Ленина 14, г. Зерноград, Ростовская область, 347740

пл. Гагарина 1, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344010

Sergey V. Braginets, PhD in Engineering, leading researcher, the Department of Vegetable Feedstock Processing, Agricultural Research Centre Donskoy; associate professor at the Department «Design and Maintenance of Transport and Technological Systems», Don State Technical University

14 Lenin St., Zernograd, Rostov Region, 347740

1 Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344010

vniptim@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3362-5627БахчевниковО. Н.BakhchevnikovO. N.

Бахчевников Олег Николаевич, кандидат техн. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела переработки продукции растениеводства

ул. Ленина 14, г. Зерноград, Ростовская область, 347740

Oleg N. Bakhchevnikov, PhD in Engineering, senior researcher, the Department of Vegetable Feedstock Processing

14 Lenin St., Zernograd, Rostov Region, 347740

oleg-b@list.ruФГБНУ «Аграрный научный центр «Донской»; ФГБОУ ВО «Донской государственный технический университет»РоссияAgricultural Research Centre Donskoy; Don State Technical UniversityRussian FederationФГБНУ «Аграрный научный центр «Донской»РоссияAgricultural Research Centre DonskoyRussian Federation202223062022233281294Copyright © Пахомов В.И., Хлыстунов В.Ф., Брагинец С.В., Бахчевников О.Н., 20222022Пахомов В.И., Хлыстунов В.Ф., Брагинец С.В., Бахчевников О.Н.Pakhomov V.I., Khlystunov V.F., Braginets S.V., Bakhchevnikov O.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1040

Проблемой для предприятий аквакультуры является рост цен на традиционное сырье для приготовления кормов – рыбную муку и жир. Способом решения проблемы является их замена недорогими компонентами растительного происхождения. Целью исследования является обобщение и анализ научной информации по использованию в комбикормах для аквакультуры новых видов растительного сырья, технологиям их подготовки и применения, влиянию на качество корма. Выполнен отбор и систематический обзор научной литературы по теме исследования за период 2017-2022 гг. Основными видами растительного сырья для приготовления кормов в аквакультуре являются продукты переработки наземных сельскохозяйственных растений, такие как шроты масличных культур, белковые концентраты, глютен, отходы пищевой промышленности. Оптимальным вариантом для замены в рационах рыбьего жира в настоящее время являются растительные масла. Частичная или полная замена рыбной муки и жира новыми видами растительного сырья возможна и не приводит к ухудшению здоровья рыб и скорости их роста при включении этих компонентов в рацион в рекомендованных дозах. Такая замена является экономически выгодной. Но при применении растительного сырья есть и отрицательные эффекты, такие как наличие антипитательных факторов, ограничивающие его использование в аквакультуре. Разработка рецептов экономически эффективных кормов для рыб, в которых рыбная мука и жир полностью заменены растительными компонентами, является приоритетным направлением исследований, направленных на развитие интенсивной аквакультуры.

Rising prices of traditional feedstock for feed preparation (fish meal and oil) is a problem for aquaculture enterprises. Their replacement with inexpensive components of vegetable origin is the way for solving the problem. The aim of the study is to generalize and analyze scientific data on using new types of vegetable feedstock in aquaculture feeds, on technologies of their preparation and use, influence on feed quality. Selection and systematic review of scientific literature on the topic of the study for the period of 2017-2022 has been carried out. The derivatives of land agricultural plant products such as oilseed meal, protein concentrates, gluten and food industry wastes are the main types of vegetable feedstock for feed preparation in aquaculture. Currently, vegetable oils are the best variants for replacing fish oil in fish diets. Partial or complete replacement of fishmeal and oil with new types of vegetable feedstock is possible and does not lead to deterioration of fish health and growth rate when these components are included in the diet at recommended doses. Such a replacement is economically advantageous. But there are negative effects in the use of vegetable feedstock, such as the presence of anti-nutritional factors that limit its use in aquaculture. The development of recipes of cost-effective fish feeds in which fish meal and oil are completely replaced by vegetable components is a research priority for the development of intensive aquaculture.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.