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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.3.295-306</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-1041</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Высокопатогенный грипп птиц в мире: стратегии вакцинации (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Highly pathogenic avian influenza in the world: vaccination strategies (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-2989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Ольга Игоревна, научный сотрудник отдела эпизоотологии и оценки риска, связанного со здоровьем животных</p><p>ул.  Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga I. Zakharova, researcher, the Department of Epizootology and Risk Assessment Associated with Animal Health</p><p>Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ozakharova@ficvim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-0334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурова Ольга  Александровна, зам. руководителя отдела эпизоотологии и оценки риска, связанного со здоровьем животных</p><p>ул.  Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Burova, Deputy head of the Department of Epizootology and Risk Assessment Associated with Animal Health</p><p>Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@ficvim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4786-6886</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торопова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toropova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Торопова Надежда Николаевна, микробиолог отдела эпизоотологии и оценки риска, связанного со здоровьем животных</p><p>ул.  Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda N. Toropova, microbiologist, the Department of Epizootology and Risk Assessment Associated with Animal Health</p><p>Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@ficvim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7359-2041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яшин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iashin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яшин Иван Вячеславович, кандидат биол. наук, директор филиала</p><p>ул.  Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Iashin, PhD in Biological Science, Director of the Branch</p><p>Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@ficvim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-1184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блохин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blokhin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блохин Андрей Александрович, кандидат вет. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель отдела эпизоотологии и оценки риска, связанного со здоровьем животных</p><p>ул.  Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Blokhin, PhD in Veterinary Science, leading researcher, Head of the Department of Epizootology and Risk Assessment Associated with Animal Health</p><p>Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@ficvim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии», Нижегородский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhniy Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute-Branch of Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>295</fpage><lpage>306</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захарова О.И., Бурова О.А., Торопова Н.Н., Яшин И.В., Блохин А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова О.И., Бурова О.А., Торопова Н.Н., Яшин И.В., Блохин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova O.I., Burova O.A., Toropova N.N., Iashin I.V., Blokhin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1041">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1041</self-uri><abstract><p>Вирусы гриппа птиц (Avian influenza virus) являются опасными в эпидемиологическом отношении, зоонозными патогенами, которые могут вызывать высокую заболеваемость и смертность как среди животных, так и людей. В результате реассортации или антигенного сдвига в геноме вируса гриппа птиц происходят изменения и в его свойствах: изменяется спектр хозяев, вирулентность и другие факторы. Естественным резервуаром гриппа птиц являются дикие водоплавающие птицы, способные передавать вирус домашней птице при прямом контакте. Обмен антигенными участками вирусов происходит в течение нескольких месяцев в традиционных местах зимовки перелетных птиц. Вирусы гриппа птиц с измененными генами в результате реассортации, циркулируя в популяциях дикой перелетной птицы, формируют эпизоотический риск распространения болезни на благополучных территориях. В данном обзоре по высокопатогенному гриппу птиц проведен анализ эпизоотической ситуации, вакцинам и возможным стратегиям вакцинации, существующим в мире. Также была определена пространственная тенденция распространения высокопатогенного гриппа птиц в субъектах Российской Федерации, которую определяли с использованием ГИС-инструмента – медианный центр (Median center) в рабочей среде программы ArcGIS Pro. В результате анализа литературы было определено, что сама по себе вакцинация не считается панацеей, и без применения систем мониторинга, строгого соблюдения норм биобезопасности и депопуляции в случае возникновения вспышек гриппа птиц. решение вопроса контроля и ликвидации болезни не представляется возможным. Решение о вакцинации против гриппа птиц должно приниматься в каждом конкретном случае отдельно с учетом всех рисков дальнейшего распространения и мутационной изменчивости вируса. Все промышленные птицеводческие предприятия, направленные на экспорт продукции. должны работать в режиме закрытого типа и быть исключены из списка вакцинации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Avian influenza viruses are epidemiologically dangerous zoonotic pathogens that can cause high morbidity and mortality both in animals and in humans. Reassortment and antigenic shift in the genome of the avian influenza virus draw to a change in its properties: host range, virulence, and other factors. The natural reservoir of avian influenza is wild waterfowl, which can transmit the virus to poultry through the direct contact. The exchange of antigenic sites of viruses occurs over several months in the traditional wintering grounds of migratory birds. Avian influenza viruses with altered genes as a result of reassortment, circulating in wild migratory birds, carry epizootic threat of spread of the disease to the unharmed areas. In this review of highly pathogenic avian influenza there has been analyzed the epizootic situation and possible vaccination strategies that exist in the world. The spatial trend in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was determined using the GIS tool, Median Center in the working environment of the ArcGIS Pro software. Based on the review of selected literature, it has been established that vaccination itself is not considered a solution to the problem. Without monitoring systems, stringent biosecurity and population reduction in case of outbreaks, the control and eradication of the disease is impossible. The decision to vaccinate against avian influenza should be made on a case-by-case basis, weighing all the risks of further spread and mutation of the virus. All industrial poultry enterprises exporting the products must operate in a closed mode and be excepted from the list of vaccination.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Avian influenza virus</kwd><kwd>антропозоонозные заболевания</kwd><kwd>водоплавающие птицы</kwd><kwd>домашняя птица</kwd><kwd>вакцины</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Avian influenza virus</kwd><kwd>anthropozoonous diseases</kwd><kwd>waterfowl</kwd><kwd>poultry</kwd><kwd>vaccines</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки России в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии» (тема № FGNM-0451-2021-0004). Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment of the Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (theme No. FGNM-0451-2021-0004). The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lycett S. J., Duchatel F., Digard P. A brief history of bird flu. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Scii. 2019;374(1775):20180257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0257</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lycett S. J., Duchatel F., Digard P. A brief history of bird flu. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Scii. 2019;374(1775):20180257. 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