agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.5.600-610agronauka-1126Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEWРепродуктивно-респираторный синдром свиней в свиноводческих предприятиях (обзор)Reproductive and respiratory syndrome of pigs in pig breeding enterprises (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-1903ГлазуноваА. А.GlazunovaA. A.

заместитель руководителя группы

 ул. Академика Бакулова, стр. 1, пос. Вольгинский, Владимирская обл.,  601125

GlazunovaAA@outlook.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1079-6287КорогодинаЕ. В.KorogodinaE. V.

заместитель руководителя группы

ул. Академика Бакулова, стр. 1, пос. Вольгинский, Владимирская обл.,  601125

 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2053-286XСевскихТ. А.SevskikhT. A.

заместитель руководителя НОЦ

ул. Академика Бакулова, стр. 1, пос. Вольгинский, Владимирская обл.,  601125

 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-3167КрасноваЕ. А.KrasnovaE. A.

кандидат биол. наук, ученый секретарь

ул. Академика Бакулова, стр. 1, пос. Вольгинский, Владимирская обл.,  601125

КукушкинС. А.KukushkinS. A.

доктор вет. наук, руководитель технического отдела продуктов для свиноводства в странах СНГ

Ленинградское шоссе, 16А, строение 3, г. Москва, 125171

 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-1184БлохинА. А.BlokhinA. A.

кандидат вет. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

ул. Академика Бакулова, стр. 1, пос. Вольгинский, Владимирская обл.,  601125

 

ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии»РоссияFederal Research Center for Virology and MicrobiologyRussian FederationООО «Берингер Ингельхайм»РоссияBoehringer IngelheimRussian FederationФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологииРоссияFederal Research Center for Virology and MicrobiologyRussian Federation202225102022235600610Copyright © Глазунова А.А., Корогодина Е.В., Севских Т.А., Краснова Е.А., Кукушкин С.А., Блохин А.А., 20222022Глазунова А.А., Корогодина Е.В., Севских Т.А., Краснова Е.А., Кукушкин С.А., Блохин А.А.Glazunova A.A., Korogodina E.V., Sevskikh T.A., Krasnova E.A., Kukushkin S.A., Blokhin A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1126

Репродуктивно-респираторный синдром свиней (РРСС) вызывает существенные экономические потери в свиноводстве во многих странах мира. Вирус высококонтагиозен и распространяется как аэрозольно, так и со всеми биологическими выделениями, а само заболевание характеризуется лихорадкой, снижением веса и абортированием плодов. Данная болезнь свиней является относительно новой. Первые клинические признаки были описаны в 1986, а в 1991 году был выделен возбудитель. Главными проблемами, препятствующими борьбе с вирусом, в настоящее время остаются: недостаточная эффективность существующих вакцин, высокая генетическая изменчивость возбудителя, способность вируса РРСС подавлять иммунную систему хозяина и длительное вирусоносительство у переболевших животных. В обзоре по репродуктивно-респираторному синдрому свиней представлены данные о генетическом разнообразии штаммов вируса, различающихся по степени вирулентности и патогенности, источниках инфекции и путях передачи вируса. Также в статье собраны данные по распространению РРСС в мире и России. Отмечается, что болезнь регистрировалась во многих странах-производителях свиней, где после фазы активного распространения заболевание становилось эндемичным. В 2021 году, по данным Международного Эпизоотического Бюро (МЭБ), вспышки вируса РРСС были выявлены у домашних свиней в Эквадоре, Уругвае, Непале, Китае, Бахрейне, Швейцарии и Украине, а также у кабанов в Бахрейне, Швейцарии и Украине. По опубликованным данным мониторинговых исследований, проведенных в период с 2012 по 2017 гг., на территории России выявлялись только единичные территориально ограниченные вспышки. Более ранние исследования свидетельствуют о широком распространении возбудителя РРСС на территории России. Подробно описана эффективность различных вариантов живых и инактивированных вакцин и установлено, что наиболее эффективны против РРСС живые аттенуированные вакцины. Проанализированы особенности охраны территории ряда государств (Норвегия, Швеция, Финляндия, Швейцария) от заноса возбудителя, которые к настоящему моменту остаются свободными от РРСС, а также опыт Венгрии по эрадикации заболевания. Все профилактические мероприятия в свиноводческом хозяйстве в случае выявления вируса должны включать в себя общие, ветеринарно-санитарные и специальные мероприятия. Для диагностики лучше использовать современные РТ-ПЦР тест-системы, позволяющие различать генотипы РРСС, в сочетании с серологическими тестами, а для вакцинопрофилактики необходимо выбирать зарегистрированную и разрешенную к применению вакцину, исходя из генетических характеристик циркулирующего в данной местности возбудителя.

Porcine Reproductive Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) causes significant economic losses in pig production around the world. The virus is highly contagious and spreads both by aerosol and with all biological secretions, and the disease itself is characterized by fever, weight loss and abortion of fetuses. This swine disease is relatively new, for the first-time clinical signs were described in 1986, and in 1991 the pathogen was isolated. The main problems hindering the fight against the virus currently remain: the insufficient effectiveness of existing vaccines, the high genetic variability of the pathogen, the ability of PRRSV to suppress the host's immune system, and long-term virus carriers in recovered animals. The review on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome presents data on the genetic diversity of virus strains that differ in the degree of virulence and pathogenicity, sources of infection and ways of transmission of the virus. The article also contains data on the spread of PRRS in the world and in Russia. It is noted that the disease has been reported in many swine-producing countries, where, after a phase of active spread, the disease became endemic. And in 2021, according to the to the International Epizootic Bureau (OIE), outbreaks of PRRSV were detected in domestic pigs in Ecuador, Uruguay, Nepal, China, Bahrain, Switzerland and Ukraine, as well as in wild boars in Bahrain, Switzerland and Ukraine. According to the published data of monitoring studies conducted in the period from 2012 to 2017, only single territorially limited outbreaks were detected in Russia. Earlier studies indicate a wide distribution of the PRRS pathogen in Russia. The effectiveness of various variants of live and inactivated vaccines is described in detail, and it has been established that live attenuated vaccines are most effective against PRRS. The features of the protection of the territory of a number of states (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland) from the introduction of the pathogen, which by now remain free from PRRS, as well as the experience of Hungary in the eradication of the disease, are analyzed. All preventive measures in the pig farm in case of detection of the virus should include general, veterinary-sanitary and special measures, for diagnosis it is better to use modern RT-PCR test systems that allow distinguishing PRRS genotypes, in combination with serological tests, and for vaccination choose a registered and approved vaccine based on the genetic characteristics of the pathogen circulating in the area.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.