agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.1.7-19agronauka-1241Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEWТехнология протопластов и соматическая гибридизация картофеля – современное состояние и перспективы (обзор)Current state and prospects of protoplast technology and potato somatic hybridization (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3992-5452ПоливановаО. Б.PolivanovaO. B.

Поливанова Оксана Борисовна, научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных и геномных технологий

ул. Лорха, д. 23 литер В,  д. п. Красково, г. Люберцы, Московская область 140051

Oksana B. Polivanova, researcher, the Laboratory of Cell and Genomic Technologies

st. Lorkh, 23 B, Kraskovo, Lyubertsy, Moscow region,140051

polivanovaoks@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8850-5481ЕгороваА. С.EgorovaA. S.

Егорова Анна Сергеевна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных и геномных технологий

ул. Лорха, д. 23 литер В,  д. п. Красково, г. Люберцы,  Московская область 140051

Anna S. Egorova, junior researcher, the Laboratory of Cell and Genomic Technologies

st. Lorkh, 23 B, Kraskovo, Lyubertsy, Moscow region,140051

coordinazia@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-5344СиволаповаА. Б.SivolapovaA. B.

Сиволапова Анастасия Борисовна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных и геномных технологий

ул. Лорха, д. 23 литер В,  д. п. Красково, г. Люберцы, Московская область 140051

Anastasia B. Sivolapova, junior researcher, the Laboratory of Cell and Genomic Technologies

st. Lorkh, 23 B, Kraskovo, Lyubertsy, Moscow region,140051

coordinazia@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1078-7348ГорюноваС. В.GoryunovaS. V.

Горюнова Светлана Валерьевна, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных и геномных технологий

ул. Лорха, д. 23 литер В,  д. п. Красково, г. Люберцы, Московская область 140051

Svetlana V. Goryunova, leading researcher, the Laboratory of Cell and Genomic Technologies

st. Lorkh, 23 B, Kraskovo, Lyubertsy, Moscow region,140051

coordinazia@mail.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр картофеля имени А. Г. Лорха»РоссияRussian Potato Research CentreRussian Federation202322022023241719Copyright © Поливанова О.Б., Егорова А.С., Сиволапова А.Б., Горюнова С.В., 20232023Поливанова О.Б., Егорова А.С., Сиволапова А.Б., Горюнова С.В.Polivanova O.B., Egorova A.S., Sivolapova A.B., Goryunova S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1241

Дикие виды растений рода Solanum часто использовались в качестве источников важных сельскохозяйственных признаков, включая устойчивость к разнообразным болезням, вредителям и воздействию абиотических факторов. Однако их широкое применение в селекции картофеля ограничено сложными барьерами половой несовместимости с Solanum tuberosum L. Слияние ферментативно изолированных протопластов соматических клеток является одним из подходов к преодолению половой несовместимости. Многообразные ядерные и цитоплазматические признаки, проявляемые соматическими гибридами картофеля, обеспечивают новый генетический материал для селекционных программ, о чем свидетельствует создание большого количества соматических гибридов культурного картофеля с дикими видами Solanum. Исследования в области получения соматических гибридов картофеля с помощью слияния протопластов продолжаются уже более 40 лет. В рамках данного обзора рассматриваются перспективы применения данной технологии в современной селекции картофеля. Геномные, транскриптомные и протеомные исследования позволяют лучше понять фундаментальные процессы, лежащие в основе образования соматических гибридов, такие как формирование клеточной стенки, хромосомные перестройки в продуктах слияния, регенерация, а также вносят существенный вклад в понимание процессов стабилизации генома. Усовершенствование методов молекулярного скрининга как генома, так и цитоплазмы также способствует расширению области применения соматических гибридов в селекции. Наконец показано, что соматическая гибридизация способствует интрогрессии важных сельскохозяйственных признаков, прежде всего устойчивости к патогенам.

Wild Solanum species have often been used as sources of important agricultural traits, including resistance to various diseases, pests, and abiotic factors. However, their large-scale use in potato breeding is limited by complex barriers of sexual incompatibility with Solanum tuberosum. Fusion of protoplasts enzymatically isolated from somatic cells is one of the approaches to overcoming sexual incompatibility. The diverse nuclear and cytoplasmic traits exhibited by potato somatic hybrids provide new genetic material for breeding programs, which is confirmed by the creation of a large number of somatic hybrids of cultivated potatoes with wild Solanum species. The research in development of somatic potato hybrids by means of protoplast fusion has been carried out for more than 40 years already. In this review, the prospects for the use of this technology in modern potato breeding are considered. Genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies provide further insight into the fundamental processes underlying the somatic hybrids formation, such as cell wall formation, chromosomal rearrangements in fusion products, regeneration, and also make a significant contribution to understanding the processes of genome stabilization. Improvement in the methods of molecular screening of both genome and cytoplasm also contributes to the expansion of the field of application of somatic hybrids in breeding. Finally, it has been shown that somatic hybridization promotes the introgression of important agricultural traits, primarily resistance to pathogens.

Solanum tuberosum L.соматические гибридыпротопластыSolanum tuberosum Lsomatic hybridsprotoplastsработа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр картофеля имени А. Г. Лорха» (тема № FGGM-2022-0002). Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.the research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment of the Russian Potato Research Centre (theme No. FGGM -2022-0002). The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the expert evaluation of this work.ReferencesNagata T., Takebe I. Cell wall regeneration and cell division in isolated tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. Planta. 1970;92:301-308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00385097Nagata T., Takebe I. Cell wall regeneration and cell division in isolated tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. Planta. 1970;92:301-308. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.