agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.1.20-29agronauka-1242Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEWЭпизоотическая ситуация по бруцеллезу животных в Российской Федерации (обзор)Epizootic situation for brucellosis in the Russian Federation (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-2989ЗахароваО. И.ZakharovaO. I.

Захарова Ольга Игоревна, научный сотрудник отдела эпизоотологии и оценки риска, связанного со здоровьем животных

ул. Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород

Olga I. Zakharova, researcher, the Department of Epizootology and Risk Assessment Associated with Animal Health

Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod

ozakharova@ficvim.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-0334БуроваО. А.BurovaO. A.

Бурова Ольга Александровна, зам. руководителя группы отдела эпизоотологии и оценки риска, связанного со здоровьем животных

ул. Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород

Olga A. Burova, Deputy head of the group, the Department of Epizootology and Risk Assessment Associated with Animal Health

Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod

info@ficvim.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7359-2041ЯшинИ. В.IashinI. V.

Яшин Иван Вячеславович, кандидат биол. наук, директор филиала

ул. Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород

Ivan V. Iashin, PhD in Biological Science, Director of the Branch

Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod

info@ficvim.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-1184БлохинА. А.BlokhinA. A.

Блохин Андрей Александрович, кандидат вет. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела эпизоотологии и оценки риска, связанного со здоровьем животных

ул. Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород

Andrey A. Blokhin, PhD in Veterinary Science, leading researcher, the Department of Epizootology and Risk Assessment Associated with Animal Health

Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod

info@ficvim.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии», Нижегородский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии»РоссияFederal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Nizhny NovgorodRussian Federation2023220220232412029Copyright © Захарова О.И., Бурова О.А., Яшин И.В., Блохин А.А., 20232023Захарова О.И., Бурова О.А., Яшин И.В., Блохин А.А.Zakharova O.I., Burova O.A., Iashin I.V., Blokhin A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1242

Бруцеллез рассматривается Всемирной организацией здравоохранения (ВОЗ) как один из наиболее опасных и распространенных зоонозов в мире. Цель обзора – обобщить актуальные научные данные по бруцеллезу животных, проанализировать эпизоотическую ситуацию в Российской Федерации, в том числе Арктической зоне, и определить ключевые факторы стратегии защиты животных от инфекции. Эпизоотическая ситуация по бруцеллезу сельскохозяйственных животных, которые являются переносчиками трех основных его возбудителей, имеет выраженную эпидемиологическую значимость. Их широкое распространение является фактором, определяющим глобальное распространение патогенов в большинстве стран мира, что свидетельствует о необходимости борьбы с бруцеллезом в международном масштабе. В России высокий эпизоотический риск распространения заболевания сохраняется в регионах Приволжского, Южного и Северо-Кавказского федеральных округов, на юге Сибири и Дальнего Востока, а также в Арктике. Не меньшую эпизоотическую и эпидемиологическую значимость бруцеллез, ввиду национальных пищевых особенностей народов Крайнего Севера, имеет в арктических регионах. В российской Арктике установлены эпизоотические очаги бруцеллеза крупного рогатого скота и северного оленя, представлены доказательства эпидемиологического значения и экологической приуроченности возбудителя B. suis к популяции северного оленя. Специфическая профилактика бруцеллеза животных базируется на применении вакцин. Однако проблема вакцинации северных оленей окончательно не решена.

The World Health Organization (WHO) considers brucellosis to be one of the most dangerous and spread zoonosis in the world. The aim of the review is to summarize the current scientific data on the brucellosis in animals, to analyze the epizootic situation in the Russian Federation, Arctic Zone included, and to define the key factors of animal protection against the infection. The epizootic situation for brucellosis in farm animals, which are carriers of the three main pathogens of  brucellosis, is an urgent epidemiological problem. Their widespread occurrence is the factor determining the world-wide distribution of pathogens in most countries that indicates for the importance of control the brucellosis on an international scale. In Russia, a high epizootic risk of the spread of the disease is observed in the regions of the Volga, Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts, in southern Siberia and Far East as well as in the Arctic. Brucellosis has the same epizootic and epidemiological significance in the Arctic regions considering the national food preferences of the peoples of the Far North. In the Russian Arctic, epizootic foci of brucellosis in cattle and reindeer have been identified and evidence of the epidemiological significance and ecological association of B. suis with the reindeer population has been presented. Specific prophylaxis of brucellosis is based on the use of vaccines. However, the problem of reindeer vaccination has not been finally resolved.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.