agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.4.527-537agronauka-1404Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEWВыявление серопозитивных кабанов в Евразии как признак возможного формирования эндемичных по африканской чуме свиней территорий (обзор)Identification of seropositive wild boars in Eurasia as a sign of possible formation of African swine fever-endemic areas (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-0218БеспаловаТ. Ю.BespalovaT. Yu.

Татьяна Юрьевна Беспалова, заместитель руководителя группы

443013

ул. Магнитогорская, д. 8

Самара

Tatiana Yu. Bespalova, deputy head of the group

443013

Magnitogorskaya str., 8

Samara

27bt@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-1903ГлазуноваА. А.GlazunovaA. A.

Анастасия Александровна Глазунова, заместитель руководителя группы

443013

ул. Магнитогорская, д. 8

Самара

Anastasia A. Glazunova, deputy head of the group

443013

Magnitogorskaya str., 8

Samara

samara@ficvim.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии», Самарский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии»РоссияFederal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Samara Research Veterinary Institute – Branch of Federal Research Center for Virology and MicrobiologyRussian Federation202329082023244527537Copyright © Беспалова Т.Ю., Глазунова А.А., 20232023Беспалова Т.Ю., Глазунова А.А.Bespalova T.Y., Glazunova A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1404

   Продолжающееся распространение африканской чумы свиней (АЧС) на территории Евразии остается глобальной проблемой для мирового свиноводства. Болезнь характеризуется высокой смертностью (до 100 %) и острым течением – домашние и дикие животные гибнут в течение первых двух недель после заражения. Однако мониторинговые исследования на АЧС в Восточной Европе показали регулярное выявление серопозитивных восприимчивых животных, особенно среди популяций дикого кабана, что могло указывать на хроническую, бессимптомную инфекцию и даже выживание отдельных особей. При этом персистенция вируса в популяции кабанов создает постоянные риски возникновения спорадических вспышек АЧС на зараженных территориях, а инфекция может приобрести эндемичныйхарактер.

   Целью исследования являлся систематический обзор доступных данных по серопревалентности среди диких кабанов в отношении возможного установления эндемичности АЧС в Евразии.

   Отмечено изменение динамики заболевания у этих животных, которое проявляется самоподдерживающимися циклами инфекции. Серопозитивных диких кабанов выявляют в странах Прибалтики, Венгрии, Польше, Румынии, Словакии, России. Показатели серопревалентности среди отстрелянных кабанов в зараженных АЧС районах европейских стран варьируют от 0,3 до 3,8 %. В странах Прибалтики количество серопозитивных образцов от кабанов превышает количество образцов, положительных на вирус АЧС в полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР). Подобная тенденция сохраняется в тех регионах, где вирус АЧС присутствует в течение длительного времени, что может указывать на эндемичный характер АЧС. В Российской Федерации в дикой природе АЧС-эндемичных территорий пока не регистрировали, хотя с 2013 года в некоторых регионах отмечали единичные случаи обнаружения серопозитивных кабанов. В дальнейшем для понимания динамики заболевания в дикой фауне необходимо проводить комплексную диагностику вируса АЧС и специфических антител в образцах кабанов, что в итоге позволит выбрать правильную стратегию борьбы против АЧС.

   The continued spread of African swine fever (ASF) in Eurasia remains a global problem for the world pig industry. The disease is characterized by high mortality (up to 100 %) and acute course - domestic and wild animals die within the first two weeks after infection. However, active surveillance on ASF in Eastern Europe had been showing regular detection of seropositive susceptible animals, especially among wild boar populations which may indicate chronic, asymptomatic infection and even the survival of individual animals. At the same time, the persistence of the virus in the wild boar population creates constant risks of sporadic outbreaks of ASF in infected areas, and the infection can become endemic.

   The aim of the study was a systematic review of the available data on seroprevalence among wild boars in relation to the possible establishment of ASF endemicity in Eurasia.

   In these animals, there was a change in the dynamics of the disease, which is manifested by self-sustaining cycles of infection. Seropositive wild boars are being found in the Baltic countries, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Russia. Seroprevalence rates among wild boars hunted in ASF-infected areas of European countries range from 0.3 to 3.8 %. In the Baltic countries, the number of seropositive samples from wild boars exceeds the number of samples positive for ASF virus in polymer chain reaction (PCR). A similar trend persists in those regions where the ASF virus has been present for a long time (Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia), which may indicate the endemic nature of ASF. In the Russian Federation, ASF-endemic territories in the wild have not yet been registered, although isolated cases of seropositive wild boars have been detected in some regions since 2013. In the future, in order to understand the dynamics of the disease in the wild, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive diagnosis of the ASF virus genome and antibodies in wild boar samples, which eventually will allow choosing the right strategy to combat ASF.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.