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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.5.703-719</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-1440</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микотоксины фитопатогенных грибов и микотоксикозы: исторический очерк (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mycotoxins of phytopathogenic fungi and mycotoxicosis: a historical essay (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6387-4886</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артамонов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artamonov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артамонов Иван Владимирович, научный сотрудник лаборатории биоэкономики и устойчивого развития</p><p>ул. Горького, д. 56-а, г. Вологда, Вологодская обл., 160014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Artamonov, researcher, the Laboratory of Bioeconomics and Sustainable Development</p><p>Gorky st., Vologda region, 160014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iv.artamonov@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Вологодский научный центр Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>703</fpage><lpage>719</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Артамонов И.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Артамонов И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Artamonov I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1440">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1440</self-uri><abstract><p>Плесневые грибы и продуцируемые ими микотоксины неизменно сопровождали человека, начиная с тех пор, как основой его существования стало сельское хозяйство, позволяющее получать больше продукции, чем было необходимо для потребления, а также требовавшее хранения урожая между сезонами. Это обеспечило благоприятную экологическую нишу для плесневых грибов, а хранимая продукция сельского хозяйства стала основным источником микотоксинов в рационах человека и сельскохозяйственных животных. С этого момента микотоксины были причиной множества масштабных отравлений и наносили значительный ущерб сельскому хозяйству. В статье приводится краткий исторический очерк и наиболее значимые этапы исследования микотоксинов, являющихся источником частых и масштабных поражений, раскрываются специфические обстоятельства, ставшие причиной пристального интереса исследователей к этой группе веществ. Длительное время непосредственная причина отравлений, вызываемых микотоксинами, оставалась неизвестной из-за слабой технической вооруженности исследователей и выделение действующих веществ оказывалось невозможным, что, однако, не было препятствием для разработки способов борьбы с заражением плесневыми грибами и отравлениями, вызываемыми микотоксинами. Совершенствование технической базы исследований в середине 20 века стало причиной роста числа открытых микотоксинов и обнаружения новых токсических эффектов уже известных соединений. Микотоксины остаются одними из наиболее опасных контаминантов и кормов сельскохозяйственных животных, и продуктов питания, несмотря на то что во многих странах они являются предметом строгого регулирования и контроля. В условиях нарастающей интенсификации сельского хозяйства, снижения видового разнообразия сельскохозяйственных культур вопрос о распространении плесневых грибов и, как следствие, о степени пораженности продукции сельского хозяйства микотоксинами не теряет своей важности, а изучение истории исследования микотоксинов и их продуцентов может предоставить важную информацию о распространении плесневых грибов в новых условиях хозяйствования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Mold fungi and the mycotoxins they produce have invariably accompanied humans, since the basis of its existence was agriculture, which allows to get more products than was necessary for consumption, as well as requiring the storage of crops between seasons. This provided a favorable ecological niche for molds, and stored agricultural products became the main source of mycotoxins in the diets of humans and farm animals. Since then, mycotoxins have been the cause of many large-scale poisonings and have caused significant damage to agriculture. The article provides a brief historical sketch and the most significant stages of the study of mycotoxins, which are the cause of frequent and large-scale lesions, reveals the specific circumstances that caused the researchers' keen interest in this group of substances. For a long time, the immediate cause of poisoning caused by mycotoxins remained unknown due to the weak technical equipment of researchers and the isolation of active substances was impossible, which, however, was not an obstacle to the development of methods to combat infection with mold fungi and poisoning caused by mycotoxins. The improvement of the technical base of research in the middle of the 20th century led to an increase in the number of discovered mycotoxins and the discovery of new toxic effects of already known compounds. Mycotoxins remain one of the most dangerous contaminants in both farm animal feed and food, despite the fact that in many countries they are subject to strict regulation and control. In the context of the increasing intensification of agriculture, a decrease in the species diversity of agricultural crops, the problem of the spread of mold fungi and, as a result, the degree of mycotoxin damage to agricultural products does not lose its importance, and the study of the history of the study of mycotoxins and their producers can provide important information on the spread of mold fungi in new economic conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>токсины плесневых грибов</kwd><kwd>вторичные метаболиты</kwd><kwd>плесневые грибы</kwd><kwd>сельское хозяйство</kwd><kwd>токсины</kwd><kwd>токсикозы</kwd><kwd>история изучения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>toxins of mold fungi</kwd><kwd>secondary metabolites</kwd><kwd>molds</kwd><kwd>agriculture</kwd><kwd>toxins</kwd><kwd>toxicosis</kwd><kwd>history of study</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-26-00163 (https://rscf.ru/project/23-26-00163/). Автор благодарит рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку данной работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the reported study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (research project No. 23-26-00163) (https://rscf.ru/project/23-26-00163/). The author thanks the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raistrick H., Smith G. Anti-bacterial substances from moulds. Part I. Citrinin, a metabolic product of Penicillium citrinum Thom. Chem. Ind. London. 1941;60:828-883.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raistrick H., Smith G. Anti-bacterial substances from moulds. Part I. Citrinin, a metabolic product of Penicillium citrinum Thom. Chem. Ind. 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