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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2023.24.5.888-906</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-1459</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИОННЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ полокусных оценок аллельного разнообразия STR-маркеров в выборке быков-производителей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of locus estimates of allelic diversity of STR markers in a sample of breeding bulls</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2219-805X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Василий Михайлович, доктор с.-х. наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией популяционной генетики в животноводстве</p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 166а, г. Киров, 610007</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy M. Kuznetsov, DSc in Agricultural Science, professor, Head of the Laboratory of Population Genetics in Animal Husbandry</p><p>Lenin str., 166a, Kirov, 610007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">priemnaya@fanc-sv.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока&#13;
имени Н. В. Рудницкого»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>888</fpage><lpage>906</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузнецов В.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1459">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1459</self-uri><abstract><p>Генотипы по 11 локусам микросателлитов ДНК 84 быков семи пород использовали для полокусной оценки 14 показателей аллельного разнообразия/дифференциации. К сформированным матрицам данных из оригинальных и преобразованных оценок размерностью 11×14 применены традиционные и многомерные методы статистики. Наименьшей изменчивостью характеризовались оценки гетерозиготности – 8-14 %. Изменчивость числа аллелей на локус и показателей дифференциации пород была на уровне 20-26%, индексов фиксации – 38-44 %. Установлены статистически значимые корреляции Кендалла (0,8-1,0) между показателями аллельного богатства и гетерозиготности, индексами фиксации, показателями дифференциации. Изменчивость преобразованных оценок показателей разнообразия/дифференциации в пределах локуса была в диапазоне 6-32%, в том числе, по локусам Eth3, Tgla122, Eth225, Bm2113 – 6-12%, локусам Inra23, Tgla126, Eth10 – 15-20 %, локусам Tgla227, Sps115, Tgla53, Bm1824 – 28-32 %. Непараметрический тест Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon показал статистически значимые различия медиан локуса Eth3 с локусом Bm2113, локуса Tgla126 с локусами Eth3, Inra23, Tgla122, Eth225, Bm2113, Bm1824, Eth10. Анализ главных компонент (РСА) выделил две компоненты с общей информативностью 95,2 %. Первая учитывала 59,4 % общей дисперсии, имела наибольшие нагрузки по показателям внутрипородного разнообразия и была определена как «альфа-компонента». Вторая объясняла 35,8 % общей дисперсии, имела высокие нагрузки по показателям межпородной дифференциации и была определена как «бета-компонента». 2D-РСА-ординация показала, что для анализируемых породных выборок, локусов и мер разнообразия имела место характерная группировка локусов. Локусы Tgla227 и Tgla53 сформировали группу А, группу В – локусы Tgla122, Eth225, Eth10, группу С – локусы Inra23, Bm2113 и Bm1824. Локусы условной группы D (Eth3, Tgla126, Sps115) были определены как «нетипичные». Валидность ординации подтверждали расчётами по редуцированным данным (размерностью 11×7) и методом неметрического многомерного шкалирования (nMDS). Согласованность ординаций по тесту Прокруста была 96 % (pperm = 0,001). Аналогичную классификацию локусов дал кластерный анализ (UPGMA) с бутстрэп-вероятностями кластера А – 73 %, В – 100 %, С – 73 %, D – 47 %. Были рассчитаны дистанции и показатели сходства (S) профилей локусов со сводными оценками по 11 локусам (определены как «истинные»). Локусы Tgla126 и Sps115 имели S ≈ 40 %, Tgla53 и Bm1824 – на уровне 60 %; Inra23, Tgla227 и Bm2113 – 70-75 %, локусы Eth3, Tgla122, Eth225 и Eth10 – 84-88 %. Среднее абсолютное отклонение оценок показателей разнообразия по четырём локусам с S≥84 % от «истинных» оценок было 3,4 %, по четырём локусам с S≤60 % – 12,4 %. По компонентным оценкам для каждого локуса был рассчитан тотальный показатель разнообразия (γLV). Линейная связь γLV с полокусными оценками γ-разнообразия с вероятностью 95 % находилась в интервале 0,73-0,98, ранговая корреляция Кендалла была 0,67 (pvalue = 0,005). Проведённое исследование вносит определённый вклад в расширение инструментариев для обработки молекулярно-генетических данных при анализе аллельного разнообразия в подразделённых популяциях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Genotypes of the 11 DNA microsatellite loci of 84 bulls of seven breeds were used to evaluate 14 indicators of allelic diversity/differentiation. Traditional and multidimensional statistical methods were applied to the data matrices from the original and transformed estimates (11×14). Estimates of heterozygosity had coefficients of variability of 8-14 %, the number of alleles per locus and indicators of differentiation of breeds at the level of 20-26 %, fixation indices – 38-44 %. Statistically significant Kendall correlations (0.8-1.0) between indicators of allelic richness and heterozygosity, fixation indices, and differentiation indicators were established. The variability of the transformed estimates of diversity/differentiation indicators by loci was in the range of 6-32 %. Including by loci Eth3, Tgla122, Eth225, Bm2113 – 6-12 %, loci Inra23, Tgla126, Eth10 – 15-20 %, loci Tgla227, Sps115, Tgla53, Bm1824 – 28-32 %. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test showed statistically significant differences in the medians of the Eth3 locus with the Bm2113 locus, the Tgla126 locus with the Eth3, Inra23, Tgla122, Eth225, Bm2113, Bm1824, Eth10 loci. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified two components with a total information content of 95,2 %. The first one took into account 59.4 % of the total variance, had the highest loads in intra-breed diversity data and was defined as an «alpha component». The second accounted for 35.8 % of the total variance, had the highest loads in inter-breed differentiation data and was defined as a «beta component». 2D-PCA-ordination showed that a characteristic grouping of loci took place for the analyzed breeds (samples), loci and measures of diversity. Loci Tgla227 and Tgla53 formed group A, group B – loci Tgla122, Eth225, Eth10, group C – loci Inra23, Bm2113 and Bm1824. The loci of the conditional group D (Eth3, Tgla126, Sps115) were defined as «untypical». Validation of ordination was confirmed by calculations on reduced data (dimension 11×7) and the method of non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS). The consistency of ordinations according to the Procrust test was 96 % (pperm &lt;0.001). A similar classification of loci was obtained by cluster analysis (UPGMA) with butstrap probabilities of cluster: A – 73, B – 100, C – 73, D – 47 %. The distances and similarity indicators (S) between the profiles of loci and the «true» summary estimates for 11 loci were calculated. Loci Tgla126 and Sps115 had S ≈ 40 %, loci Tgla53 and Bm1824 – at the level of 60 %, loci Inra23, Tgla227 and Bm2113 – 70-75 %, loci Eth3, Tgla122, Eth225 and Eth10 – 84-88 %. The average absolute deviation of the estimates of diversity indicators for the four loci with S≥84 % from the «true» estimates was 3.4 %, for the four loci with S≤60 % – 12.4 %. According to component scores, a general diversity index, γLV, was calculated for each locus. Its correlation with the estimates of the Shannon/Sherwin′s γ-diversity with a 95 % probability value was in the range of 0.73-0.98, Kendall's rank correlation was  0.67 (pvalue = 0.005). The conducted research makes a certain contribution to the expansion of tools for processing molecular genetic data in the analysis of allelic diversity in subdivided populations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крупный рогатый скот</kwd><kwd>локусы</kwd><kwd>микросателлиты</kwd><kwd>разнообразие</kwd><kwd>дифференциация</kwd><kwd>методы многомерной статистики</kwd><kwd>ординация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cattle</kwd><kwd>loci</kwd><kwd>microsatellites</kwd><kwd>diversity</kwd><kwd>differentiation</kwd><kwd>methods of multidimensional statistics</kwd><kwd>ordination</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока имени Н. В. Рудницкого» (№ гос. регистрации 123011900029-6). Автор благодарит рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North -East named N. V. Rudnitsky (theme No. 123011900029-6). The author thanks the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Денискова Т. Е., Сермягин А. А., Багиров В. А., Охлопков И. М., Гладырь Е. А., Иванов Р. В., Брем Г., Зиновьева Н. А Сравнительное исследование информативности STR и SNP маркеров для внутривидовой и межвидовой дифференциации рода Ovis. Генетика. 2016;52(1):90-96. 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