<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.1.112-122</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-1540</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ: МЕХАНИЗАЦИЯ, ЭЛЕКТРИФИКАЦИЯ, АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: MECHANIZATION, ELECTRIFICATION, AUTOMATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Математическое моделирование динамических процессов сельскохозяйственного мобильного энергетического средства на электроприводе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mathematical modeling of dynamic processes of agricultural mobile energy vehicles on an electric drive</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1665-3730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Годжаев</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Godzhaev</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Годжаев Захид Адыгезалович, доктор техн. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН</p><p>1-й Институтский проезд, дом 5, г. Москва, 109428</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zakhid A. Godzhaev, DSc in Engineering, corresponding member of RAS, professor</p><p>1st Institutskiy proezd, 5, Moscow, 109428</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fic51@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6354-7220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенькевич</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Senkevich</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сенькевич Сергей Евгеньевич, кандидат техн. наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>1-й Институтский проезд, дом 5, г. Москва, 109428</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey E. Senkevich, PhD in Engineering, associate professor</p><p>1st Institutskiy proezd, 5, Moscow, 109428</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vim@vim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5169-895X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеев Илья Сергеевич, инженер</p><p>1-й Институтский проезд, дом 5, г. Москва, 109428</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya S. Alekseev, engineer</p><p>1st Institutskiy proezd, 5, Moscow, 109428</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vim@vim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильченко</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilchenko</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильченко Екатерина Николаевна, инженер</p><p>1-й Институтский проезд, дом 5, г. Москва, 109428</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina N. Ilchenko, engineer</p><p>1st Institutskiy proezd, 5, Moscow, 109428</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vim@vim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Годжаев З.А., Сенькевич С.Е., Алексеев И.С., Ильченко Е.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Годжаев З.А., Сенькевич С.Е., Алексеев И.С., Ильченко Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Godzhaev Z.A., Senkevich S.E., Alekseev I.S., Ilchenko E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1540">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1540</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены вопросы моделирования процессов работы сельскохозяйственного мобильного энергетического средства (МЭС) с электроприводом (ЭП). Исследования выполнены в период 2022-2023 гг. Проведен обзор современной литературы по рассматриваемой проблеме, включая вопросы по моделированию функциональных свойств мобильных машин и улучшению показателей качества работы МЭС. Представлены математическая модель движения МЭС с электродвигателем, а также описание применяемого метода и последовательность действий для проведения исследований. Выполнены предварительные теоретические исследования движения при разных режимах работы. Предлагаемая модель удобна для реализации и расчёта в любом из прикладных программных продуктов, поддерживающих моделирование динамических систем с электромеханическим приводом. Предложенная модель, решение которой выполнено на основе методов численного интегрирования систем в программной среде Matlab Simulink, позволила смоделировать динамические процессы в электромеханической силовой передаче МЭС при выполнении различных сельскохозяйственных операций. С помощью представленной модели был проведен анализ электромеханических процессов в переходных и установившихся режимах работы, а также динамических процессов в силовой передаче. Получены графики изменения исследуемых параметров силовой передачи МЭС и определены упругие моменты в соединениях пятимассовой расчетной схемы. Применение модели позволяет отследить изменение характеристик, при отклонении условий опыта. Модель показала свою работоспособность при выполнении имитации сельскохозяйственных операций (внесение удобрений, культивация, посев) и ее можно использовать на стадии проектирования для исследования характеристик динамических процессов силовых передач МЭС малого класса тяги с электромеханическим приводом. При разных параметрах модели наблюдали изменения математического ожидания угловой скорости ЭД с 147,89 до 156,87 рад/с и скорости движения МЭС от 4,51 до 4,79 м/с.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers the issues of modeling the processes of agricultural mobile energy vehicles (MEV) with electric drive (ED). A review of modern literature on the problem under study as well as questions on modeling the functional properties of mobile machines and improving the quality indicators of MEV work are presented. A mathematical model of the motion of the MEV with an electric motor is presented, as well as a description of the method used and a sequence of actions for conducting research. Preliminary theoretical studies of motion in different modes of operation have been carried out. The proposed model is convenient for implementation and calculation in any of the applied software products that support the modeling of dynamic systems with an electromechanical drive. The proposed model, the solution of which is based on the methods of numerical integration of systems in the Matlab Simulink software environment, made it possible to simulate the dynamic processes of electromechanical power transmission of MEV during various agricultural operations. With the help of this model, the analysis of electromechanical processes in transient and steady-state operating modes, as well as dynamic processes in the power transmission were carried out. Graphs of changes in the studied parameters of the MEV power transmission are obtained and elastic moments in the joints of the 5-mass design scheme are determined. The use of the model allows you to track the change in statistical characteristics when the conditions of the experiment change. The model has shown its operability when performing simulation of agricultural operations: fertilization, cultivation and sowing, and it can be used at the design stage to study the characteristics of dynamic processes of small-class traction MEV power transmissions with an electromechanical drive. With different parameters of the model, there is a change in the mathematical expectation of the angular velocity of the ED from 147.89 to 156.87 rad/s, a change in the mathematical expectation of the speed of the MES from 4.51 to 4.79 m/s.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мобильное энергосредство</kwd><kwd>сельскохозяйственные операции</kwd><kwd>имитационная модель</kwd><kwd>процесс движения</kwd><kwd>моменты инерции</kwd><kwd>жесткость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mobile energy vehicles</kwd><kwd>agricultural operations</kwd><kwd>simulation modeling</kwd><kwd>process of motion</kwd><kwd>moments of inertial motion</kwd><kwd>stiffness</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ» (тема № FGUN-2022-0009).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment of the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM (theme No. FGUN-2022-0009).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Годжаев З. А., Сенькевич С. Е., Кузьмин В. А. Перспективные проекты по созданию роботизированных мобильных энергетических средств сельскохозяйственного назначения. Материалы XII мультиконференции по проблемам управления (МКПУ-2019): мат-лы XII мультиконференции. В четырех томах. Дивноморское, Геленджик: Изд-во Южного федерального университета, 2019. Т. 2. С. 127–129. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41848052 EDN: YXYDVI</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Godzhaev Z. A., Senkevich S. E., Kuzmin V. A. Promising projects for the creation of robotic mobile power tools for agricultural purposes. Materials of the XII multi-conference on management problems (MKPU-2019): materials of the XII multiconference in four volumes. Divnomorskoe, Gelendzhik: Izd-vo Yuzhnogo federal'nogo universiteta, 2019. Vol. 2. pp. 127–129. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41848052</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Senkevich S., Duryagina V., Kravchenko V., Gamolina I., Pavkin D. Improvement of the Numerical Simulation of the Machine-Tractor Unit Functioning with an Elastic-Damping Mechanism in the Tractor Transmission of a Small Class of Traction (14 kN). International Conference on Intelligent Computing &amp; Optimization. 2020;1072:204–213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33585-4_20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Senkevich S., Duryagina V., Kravchenko V., Gamolina I., Pavkin D. Improvement of the Numerical Simulation of the Machine-Tractor Unit Functioning with an Elastic-Damping Mechanism in the Tractor Transmission of a Small Class of Traction (14 kN). International Conference on Intelligent Computing &amp; Optimization. 2020;1072:204–213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33585-4_20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franceschetti B., Lenain R., Rondelli V. Comparison between a rollover tractor dynamic model and actual lateral tests. Biosystems Engineering, 2014;127:79–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOSYSTEMSENG.2014.08.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franceschetti B., Lenain R., Rondelli V. Comparison between a rollover tractor dynamic model and actual lateral tests. Biosystems Engineering, 2014;127:79–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOSYSTEMSENG.2014.08.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qin J., Zhu Zh., Ji H., Zhu Zhong., Li Zh., Du Yu., Song Zh., Mao E. Simulation of active steering control for the prevention of tractor dynamic rollover on random road surfaces. Biosystems Engineering. 2019;185:135–149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.02.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qin J., Zhu Zh., Ji H., Zhu Zhong., Li Zh., Du Yu., Song Zh., Mao E. Simulation of active steering control for the prevention of tractor dynamic rollover on random road surfaces. Biosystems Engineering. 2019;185:135–149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.02.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li B., Yuan H. Research on dynamic characteristics and reliability of a new heavy duty tractor. Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing. 2019;13(1):JAMDSM0010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1299/jamdsm.2019jamdsm0010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li B., Yuan H. Research on dynamic characteristics and reliability of a new heavy duty tractor. Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing. 2019;13(1):JAMDSM0010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1299/jamdsm.2019jamdsm0010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hou X., Yue M., Zhao J., Zhang X. An ESO-based integrated trajectory tracking control for tractor–trailer vehicles with various constraints and physical limitations. International Journal of Systems Science. 2018;49(15):3202–3215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2018.1535100</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hou X., Yue M., Zhao J., Zhang X. An ESO-based integrated trajectory tracking control for tractor–trailer vehicles with various constraints and physical limitations. International Journal of Systems Science. 2018;49(15):3202–3215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2018.1535100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmadi I. Dynamics of tractor lateral overturn on slopes under the influence of position disturbances (model development). Journal of Terramechanics. 2011;48(5):339–346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JTERRA.2011.07.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmadi I. Dynamics of tractor lateral overturn on slopes under the influence of position disturbances (model development). Journal of Terramechanics. 2011;48(5):339–346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JTERRA.2011.07.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melo R. R., Antunes F. L. M., Daher S., Vogt H. H., Albiero D., Tofoli F. L. Novel conception of an electric propulsion system for a 9-kW electric tractor suitable to family farming. IET Electric Power Applications. 2019;13(12):1993–2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2019.0353</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melo R. R., Antunes F. L. M., Daher S., Vogt H. H., Albiero D., Tofoli F. L. Novel conception of an electric propulsion system for a 9-kW electric tractor suitable to family farming. IET Electric Power Applications. 2019;13(12):1993–2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2019.0353</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baek S.-Y., Kim Y.-S., Kim W.-S., Baek S.-M., Kim Y.-J. Development and Verification of a Simulation Model for 120 kW Class Electric AWD (All-Wheel-Drive) Tractor during Driving Operation. Energies. 2020;13(10):2422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102422</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baek S.-Y., Kim Y.-S., Kim W.-S., Baek S.-M., Kim Y.-J. Development and Verification of a Simulation Model for 120 kW Class Electric AWD (All-Wheel-Drive) Tractor during Driving Operation. Energies. 2020;13(10):2422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102422</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Xie B., Mao E. Electric Tractor Motor Drive Control Based on FPGA. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2016;49(16):271–276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.050</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Xie B., Mao E. Electric Tractor Motor Drive Control Based on FPGA. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2016;49(16):271–276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.050</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jaiswal S., Korkealaakso P., Aman R., Sopanen J., Mikkola A. Deformable Terrain Model for the Real-Time Multibody Simulation of a Tractor With a Hydraulically Driven Front-Loader. IEEE Access. 2019;7:172694–172708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2956164</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jaiswal S., Korkealaakso P., Aman R., Sopanen J., Mikkola A. Deformable Terrain Model for the Real-Time Multibody Simulation of a Tractor With a Hydraulically Driven Front-Loader. IEEE Access. 2019;7:172694–172708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2956164</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osinenko P., Geißler M., Herlitzius T. Fuzzy-logic assisted power management for electrified mobile machinery. Neurocomputing. 2015;170:439–447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2015.04.095</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osinenko P., Geißler M., Herlitzius T. Fuzzy-logic assisted power management for electrified mobile machinery. Neurocomputing. 2015;170:439–447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2015.04.095</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Godzhaev Z., Senkevich S., Kuzmin V., Melikov I. Use of the Neural Network Controller of Sprung Mass to Reduce Vibrations From Road Irregularities. Research Advancements in Smart Technology, Optimization, and Renewable Energy. IGI Global, 2021. pp. 423–463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3970-5.ch005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Godzhaev Z., Senkevich S., Kuzmin V., Melikov I. Use of the Neural Network Controller of Sprung Mass to Reduce Vibrations From Road Irregularities. Research Advancements in Smart Technology, Optimization, and Renewable Energy. IGI Global, 2021. pp. 423–463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3970-5.ch005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Godzhaev Z., Senkevich S., Kuzmin V., Ilchenko E., Chaplygin M., Alekseev I., Prilukov A. Simulation of the dynamic processes of a low-capacity combine harvester movement. Topical Problems of Green Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering 2019 (TPACEE 2019). 2020;164:06009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016406009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Godzhaev Z., Senkevich S., Kuzmin V., Ilchenko E., Chaplygin M., Alekseev I., Prilukov A. Simulation of the dynamic processes of a low-capacity combine harvester movement. Topical Problems of Green Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering 2019 (TPACEE 2019). 2020;164:06009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016406009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пустоветов М. Ю., Солтус К. П., Синявский И. В. Компьютерное моделирование асинхронных двигателей и трансформаторов. Примеры взаимодействия с силовыми электронными преобразователями: монография. Германия, Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT, 2013. 209 с. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20797893 EDN: RNDDDP</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pustovetov M. Yu., Soltus K. P., Sinyavskiy I. V. Computer modelling of induction motors and transformators. Examples of interaction with power electronic converters: monograph. Germaniya, Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT, 2013. 209 р. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20797893</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Динамика системы дорога-шина-автомобиль-водитель. Под ред. А. А. Хачатурова. М.: Машиностроение, 1976. 535 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dynamics of the road-tire-car-driver system. Pod red. A. A. Khachaturova. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1976. 535 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cremer L., Heckl M. Structure-borne sound: structural vibrations and sound radiation at audio frequencies. Springer Science &amp; Business Media, 2013. 573 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cremer L., Heckl M. Structure-borne sound: structural vibrations and sound radiation at audio frequencies. Springer Science &amp; Business Media, 2013. 573 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams V., Askenazi A. Building better products with finite element analysis. Cengage Learning, 1999. 587 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams V., Askenazi A. Building better products with finite element analysis. Cengage Learning, 1999. 587 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
