agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.5.906-919agronauka-1769Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ: ЗООТЕХНИЯОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: ZOOTECHNYВзаимосвязь распределения пробегов гомозиготности в геноме русских белоснежных кур с продуктивными и адаптивными признаками в зависимости от направленности селекционной работы в породеThe relationship of the distribution of ROH in the genome of Russian snow-white chickens with productive and adaptive traits, depending on the direction of selectionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1618-6271ФедороваЕ. С.FedorovaE. S.

Федорова Елена Сергеевна, кандидат биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики, разведения и сохранения генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных птиц

д. 55а, Московское шоссе, п. Тярлево, г. Санкт-Петербург, 196625

Elena S. Fedorova, PhD in Biological Science, senior researcher, the Laboratory of genetics, breeding and conservation of genetic resources of farm birds

Moscow highway, 55a, village Tyarlevo, Saint Petersburg, 196625

Osot2005@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0210-9344ДементьеваН. В.DementievaN. V.

Дементьева Наталия Викторовна, кандидат биол. наук, зав. лабораторией молекулярной генетики

д. 55а, Московское шоссе, п. Тярлево, г. Санкт-Петербург, 196625

Natalia V. Dementieva, PhD in Biological Science, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics

Moscow highway, 55a, village Tyarlevo, Saint Petersburg, 196625

spbvniigen@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9504-3916СтанишевскаяО. И.StanishevskayaO. I.

Станишевская Ольга Игоревна, доктор биол. наук, зав. отделом генетики, разведения и сохранения генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных птиц

д. 55а, Московское шоссе, п. Тярлево, г. Санкт-Петербург, 196625

Olga I. Stanishevskaya, DSc in Biological Science, Head of the Laboratory of genetics, breeding and conservation of genetic resources of farm birds

Moscow highway, 55a, village Tyarlevo, Saint Petersburg, 196625

spbvniigen@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2362-2892РябоваА. Е.RyabovaA. E.

Рябова Анна Евгеньевна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной генетики

д. 55а, Московское шоссе, п. Тярлево, г. Санкт-Петербург, 196625

Anna E. Ryabova, junior researcher, the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics

Moscow highway, 55a, village Tyarlevo, Saint Petersburg, 196625

spbvniigen@mail.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста»РоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Farm Animals – Branch of the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. ErnstRussian Federation202431102024255906–919Copyright © Федорова Е.С., Дементьева Н.В., Станишевская О.И., Рябова А.Е., 20242024Федорова Е.С., Дементьева Н.В., Станишевская О.И., Рябова А.Е.Fedorova E.S., Dementieva N.V., Stanishevskaya O.I., Ryabova A.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1769

В последние годы все большее внимание уделяется проблеме сохранения генетического разнообразия сельскохозяйственных животных и птиц. Однако непременным условием экономической целесообразности сохранения любой породы является не только ее уникальность, но и возможность практического использования. Примером может служить русская белоснежная порода кур в биоресурсной коллекции ВНИИГРЖ. Она была создана путем селекции русских белых кур на терморезистентность в условиях низких температур, а также на устойчивость к неопластическим заболеваниям. В настоящее время данная порода является специализированной для целей биопромышленности (сырье для производства эмбриональных вирусных вакцин). Изменение направления селекционной работы привело к модификации генетической структуры популяции. Постоянное селективное  давление на один конкретный признак может привести к уменьшению изменчивости вокруг геномных областей, связанных с этим признаком. Поэтому понимание генетических механизмов, приводящих к фенотипической дифференциации, требует идентификации областей в геноме, которые находились под давлением отбора. Изучение показателей пробегов гомозиготности (ROH) может предоставить полезную информацию об истории отбора популяции, а также позволить лучше понять отношения генотип-фенотип за счет открытия генов, которые находятся или находились под давлением отбора. В специфичных для двух поколений кур островках ROH аннотированы наиболее релевантные гены-кандидаты, связанные с адаптационными признаками. Установлено, что генетический анализ на основе изменения ROH может использоваться для характеристики генетического профиля кур и изменения структуры популяции под воздействием селекционного давления. Эти данные особенно важно учитывать при оценке качественных фенотипических признаков, таких как адаптационные возможности организма.  

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the problem of preserving the genetic diversity of farm animals and poultry. However, an indispensable condition for the economic feasibility of preserving any breed is not only its uniqueness, but also the possibility of practical use. An example is the Russian snow-white breed of chickens in the VNIIGRZh bioresource collection. It was developed by breeding of Russian white chickens for thermal resistance at low temperature conditions, as well as for resistance to neoplastic diseases. Currently, this breed is specialized for the purposes of the bio-industry (raw materials for the production of embryonic viral vaccines). The change in the direction of breeding work led to a modification of the genetic structure of the population. Constant selective pressure on one particular trait can lead to a decrease in variability around the genomic regions associated with that trait. Therefore, understanding the genetic mechanisms leading to phenotypic differentiation requires the identification of regions in the genome that were under selection pressure. The study of runs of  homozygosity (ROH) rates can provide useful information about the history of population selection, as well as allow for a better understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship by discovering genes that are or were under selection pressure. In ROH islands specific to two generations of chickens, the most relevant candidate genes associated with adaptive traits are annotated. It has been established that genetic analysis based on changes in ROH can be used to characterize the genetic profile of chickens and to change the structure of the population under the influence of selection pressure. These data are especially important to take into account when evaluating qualitative phenotypic features, such as the adaptive capabilities of chickens.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.