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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.5.949-961</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-1775</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ: МЕХАНИЗАЦИЯ, ЭЛЕКТРИФИКАЦИЯ, АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: MECHANIZATION, ELECTRIFICATION, AUTOMATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сверточная нейронная сеть для сегментации цветков яблони на изображениях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Convolutional neural network for segmentation of apple blossoms in images</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7643-775X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырёв</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кутырёв Алексей Игоревич, кандидат техн. наук, заведующий лабораторией интеллектуальных цифровых систем мониторинга, диагностики и управления процессами в сельскохозяйственном производстве, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>1-й Институтский проезд, д.5, г. Москва,  e-mail: vim@vim.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey I. Kutyrev, PhD in Engineering, Head of the Laboratory of intelligent digital systems for monitoring, diagnostics and process management in agricultural production, leading researcher</p><p>1st Institute passage, 5, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexeykutyrev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>5</issue><elocation-id>949–961</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кутырёв А.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кутырёв А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kutyrev A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1775">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1775</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье предложен метод оценки интенсивности цветения яблони для выполнения технологической операции прореживания, включающий подготовку набора данных (dataset) и обучение моделей сверточных нейронных сетей YOLOv8-seg (n, s, m, l, x) для сегментации изображений. В исследованиях применена техника трансферного обучения, использованы предварительно обученные модели на наборе данных датасета COCO (Common Objects in Context). Набор изображений цветков яблони собран с использованием камеры GoPro HERO 11. Аннотация (разметка) изображений была выполнена на платформе Roboflow с применением инструментов выделения прямоугольных рамок (Bounding-box) и аннотации полигонов (Polygon Annotation and Labeling). Для расширения набора данных и повышения обобщающей способности моделей при обучении проведена аугментация исходных изображений, включающая горизонтальное отражение, горизонтальный поворот на 90°, поворот от -15° до +15°, добавление шумов до 5 % пикселей, размытие до 2,5 пикселей, горизонтальные и вертикальные сдвиги от -10° до 10°, а также изменение оттенка цветов от -15° до +15°. Метрики бинарной классификации, такие как точность Precision (точность) и Recall (полнота) использованы для оценки качества работы обученных моделей по распознаванию цветков яблони на изображениях при использовании ограничивающих рамок и масочной сегментации. Функция потерь 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔𝑩𝒐𝒙/𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒌 использована для оценки ошибок модели в определении ограничивающих рамок и масок сегментации объектов на изображении в процессе обучения. В результате проведенных исследований определены гиперпараметры алгоритма машинного обучения модели YOLOv8-seg для распознавания, классификации и сегментации изображений цветков яблони. Установлено, что модели YOLOv8x-seg (метрика mAP50 = 0,591) и YOLOv8l-seg (метрика mAP50 = 0,584) показывают более высокую производительность при распознавании цветков яблони. Скорость обработки кадров (Frame Rate, FR) моделями сверочных нейронных сетей составила от 10,27 (модель YOLOv8x-seg) до 57,32 кадра/с (модель YOLOv8n-seg). Средняя абсолютная ошибка моделей при распознавании цветков яблони и подсчете их количества на тестовой выборке не превышает 9 %.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides a method for assessing the intensity of apple blossom for the thinning technological operation, including dataset preparation and training of YOLOv8-seg convolutional neural network models (n, s, m, l, x) for image segmentation. Transfer learning technique was applied in the research, utilizing pretrained models on the COCO dataset (Common Objects in Context). The apple blossom image dataset was captured using a GoPro HERO 11 camera. Image annotation was performed on the Roboflow platform using tools for bounding box and polygon annotation and labeling. To expand the dataset and improve the models' generalization during training, augmentation of original images was conducted, including horizontal flipping, horizontal rotation by 90°, rotation from -15° to +15°, adding noise up to 5% of pixels, blurring up to 2.5 pixels, horizontal and vertical shifts from -10° to 10°, and color hue adjustment from -15° to +15°. Binary classification metrics such as Precision and Recall were used to evaluate the performance of trained models in recognizing apple blossoms in images using bounding boxes and mask segmentation. The Loss(Box/Mask) loss function was used to assess model errors in determining bounding boxes and segmentation masks of objects in images during training. The hyperparameters of the YOLOv8-seg model for image recognition, classification, and segmentation of apple blossom images were identified through the YOLOv8x-seg (mAP50 metric = 0.591) and YOLOv8l-seg (mAP50 metric = 0,584) models demonstrate higher performance in apple blossom recognition. The frame processing speed (Frame Rate, FR) of  convolutional neural network models ranged from 10.27 (YOLOv8x-seg model) to 57.32 (YOLOv8n-seg model). The average  absolute error of the models in recognizing apple blossoms and counting their quantity in the test dataset does not exceed 9 %. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансферное обучение</kwd><kwd>распознавание цветков яблони</kwd><kwd>прореживание</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>компьютерное зрение</kwd><kwd>цифровой мониторинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transfer learning</kwd><kwd>apple blossom recognition</kwd><kwd>thinning</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>computer vision</kwd><kwd>digital monitoring</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ» (тема № FGUN-2022-0011). Автор благодарит рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment of the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM (theme No. FGUN-2022-0011). The author thanks the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pflanz M., Gebbers R., Zude M. Influence of tree-adapted flower thinning on apple yield and fruit quality considering cultivars with different predisposition in fructification. Acta Hortic. 2016;1130:605–611. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1130.90</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pflanz M., Gebbers R., Zude M. 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