agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2024.25.6.988-999agronauka-1801Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEWАфриканская чума свиней: вирусоносительство и роль выживших диких кабанов в сохранении и распространении инфекции (обзор)African swine fever: virus carriage and the role of surviving wild boar in the persistence and spread of infection (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-0218БеспаловаТ. Ю.BespalovaT. Yu.

Беспалова Татьяна Юрьевна, заместитель руководителя группы

ул. Магнитогорская, д. 8, г. Самара, 443013

Tatiana Yu. Bespalova, deputy head of the group

Magnitogorskaya str., 8, Samara,  443013

samara@ficvim.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-1903ГлазуноваА. А.GlazunovaA. A.

Глазунова Анастасия Александровна, заместитель руководителя группы

ул. Магнитогорская, д. 8, г. Самара, 443013

Anastasia A. Glazunova, deputy head of the group

Magnitogorskaya str., 8, Samara,  443013

samara@ficvim.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии», Самарский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии»РоссияFederal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Samara Research Veterinary Institute – Branch of Federal Research Center for Virology and MicrobiologyRussian Federation202425122024256988999Copyright © Беспалова Т.Ю., Глазунова А.А., 20242024Беспалова Т.Ю., Глазунова А.А.Bespalova T.Y., Glazunova A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1801

Панзоотия африканской чумы свиней (АЧС) в Европе и Азии, вызванная вирусами I и II генотипов, привела к всестороннему научному изучению особенностей течения данной инфекции. Исследователи отмечали, что определенная доля заболевших животных выживает. Выявление серопозитивных (с антителами) животных в пострадавших от АЧС странах Европы было особенно заметно в популяциях дикого кабана. Давно и противоречиво обсуждается роль серопозитивных животных, переживших АЧС, в сохранении и распространении инфекции в популяции, поскольку потенциально их можно считать вирусоносителями. Цель обзора – обобщение современных научно-экспериментальных результатов по изучению у дикого евразийского кабана хронического течения АЧС, вирусоносительства и распространения инфекции от выживших серопозитивных животных. В Евразии в текущее время у восприимчивых животных отмечают разные формы заболевания АЧС: сверхострую, острую, подострую, реже хроническую и бессимптомную; последние вызваны циркуляцией вирусов АЧС пониженной вирулентности. Различают два типа выживших: 1) животные, у которых развивается персистирующая инфекция с периодической виремией и признаками от подострого до хронического течения; 2) животные, которые полностью выздоравливают и избавляются от инфекции. У выживших отмечена длительная персистенция и полная элиминация вируса: за последние десять лет экспериментально определены сроки выделения вируса в целом от 35 до 99 дней. Выжившие животные первого типа могут играть роль в распространении вируса в связи с периодической виремией. Серопозитивные выжившие животные второго типа в связи с их малым количеством, по мнению исследователей, не играют значительной эпизоотической роли в сохранении вируса АЧС в популяциях диких кабанов. Экспериментальная передача вируса АЧС от выживших кабанов на сегодняшний день изучена ограниченно и подобные исследования должны быть продолжены. Полученные знания в этих областях смогут улучшить понимание текущей ситуации по АЧС в дикой природе.

The panzootic of African swine fever (ASF) in Europe and Asia caused by viruses of genotypes I and II has led to a comprehensive scientific study of the course of this infection. Researchers have noted that a certain proportion of diseased animals survive. Detection of seropositive (antibody-positive) animals in ASF-affected countries of Europe was especially noticeable in wild boar populations. The role of seropositive animals ASF survivors in the persistence and spread of infection in the population has been long and controversially debated, as they may potentially become persistently infected, acting as virus carriers. The aim of this review was to summarize the current scientific and experimental results on the chronic course of ASF in Eurasian wild boar, virus carriage and spread of infection from surviving seropositive animals. In Eurasia different forms of ASF disease are currently observed in susceptible animals: peracute, acute, subacute, less frequently chronic and asymptomatic; the latter are found to be caused by circulating ASF viruses (ASFV) of reduced virulence. Two types of survivors animals are distinguished: 1) animals that develop persistent infection with periodic viremia and signs of subacute to chronic course; 2) animals that recover completely and clear of infection. Long-term persistence and complete elimination of the virus have been observed in survivors: in the last ten years, the time of virus excretion has been experimentally determined to generally range from 35 to 99 days. Survivors of the 1st type may play a role in the spread of the ASFV due to periodic viremia. Seropositive survived animals of the 2nd type due to their small numbers are not considered by some researchers to play a significant epidemiological role in the persistence of ASFV in wild boar populations. Experimental transmission of ASFV from surviving wild boars has been studied to date to a limited extent, such research should be continued. The knowledge gained in these areas will improve the understanding of the current situation of ASF in wildlife.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.