agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2025.26.1.21-39agronauka-1876Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEWРоль системы цитохромов в биотрансформации ксенобиотиков и лекарственных средств (обзор)The role of the cytochrome system in the biotransformation of xenobiotics and pharmacaueticals (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6852-3110ПонамарёвВ. С.PonamarevVladimir S.

Понамарёв Владимир Сергеевич, кандидат вет. наук, доцент кафедры фармакологии и токсикологии

ул. Черниговская, д. 5, Санкт-Петербург, 196084

Vladimir S. Ponamarev, PhD in Veterinary Science, associate professor at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Chernigovskaya St., 5, Saint Petersburg, 196084

psevdopyos@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0650-0837ПоповаО. С.PopovaOlga S.

Попова Ольга Сергеевна, кандидат вет. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры фармакологии и токсикологии

ул. Черниговская, д. 5, Санкт-Петербург, 196084

Olga S. Popova, PhD in Veterinary Science, associate professor, associate professor at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Chernigovskaya St., 5, Saint Petersburg, 196084

secretary@spbguvm.ruУкраинскаяО. А.UkrainskayaOlga A.

Украинская Ольга Алексеевна, студент 5-го курса

ул. Черниговская, д. 5, Санкт-Петербург, 196084

Olga A. Ukrainskaya, 5th-year student

Chernigovskaya St., 5, Saint Petersburg, 196084

secretary@spbguvm.ruФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины»РоссияSaint Petersburg State University of Veterinary MedicineRussian Federation2025270220252612139Copyright © Понамарёв В.С., Попова О.С., Украинская О.А., 20252025Понамарёв В.С., Попова О.С., Украинская О.А.Ponamarev V.S., Popova O.S., Ukrainskaya O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1876

Вещества, не являющиеся естественными метаболитами для организма млекопитающих и представляющие собой потенциально токсичные соединения, в современной науке называют ксенобиотиками. В связи с интенсификацией химической и фармацевтической промышленности концентрация таких соединений в воздухе, воде, почве и кормах для животных возрастает соразмерно увеличению производственных оборотов специализированных предприятий. Биотрансформация ксенобиотиков и лекарственных средств, или процесс детоксикации, является естественным и наиболее эффективным путем удаления из живого организма метаболитов чужеродной природы. В данном процессе принимают активное участие специальные ферментные системы, в числе которых и система цитохромов. Функции и роль отдельных типов цитохромов семейства Р450 в процессе биотрансформации ксенобиотиков у животных и человека частично изучены деятелями естественнонаучной области, однако значительное количество ферментов находится на стадии исследований. В обзоре представлен анализ результатов 60 научных публикаций по проблеме биотрансформации ксенобиотиков посредством систем цитохрома, выявлены основные особенности этого процесса и дан прогноз его использования при диагностике различных патологий.

Modern science refers to substances that are potentially toxic and not natural metabolites for the mammalian organism as xenobiotics. Due to the intensification of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, the concentration of such compounds in the air, water, soil, and animal feed increases proportionally to the increase in production turnover of specialized enterprises. The biotransformation of xenobiotics and medicines, or the detoxification process, is a natural and most effective way to remove foreign metabolites from a living organism. Special enzyme systems take an active part in this process, including the cytochrome system. The functions and role of individual types of P450 cytochromes in the process of xenobiotic biotransformation in animals and humans have been partially studied, but a significant number of enzymes are at the research stage. The review provides the analysis of the results of 60 scientific articles on the problem of biotransformation of xenobiotics by the cytochrome systems, the basic features of this process are revealed and the estimates of its application for the diagnostics of different pathologies is given.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.