agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2025.26.1.107-114agronauka-1890Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. PLANT PROTECTIONХарактеристика сортового генофонда мягкой яровой пшеницы Республики Татарстан по генетическим маркерам устойчивости к желтой ржавчинеCharacteristics of the varietal gene pool of soft spring wheat in the Republic of Tatarstan according to genetic markers of resistance to stripe (yellow) rusthttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9109-7378БарановаН. Б.BaranovaNatalia B.

Баранова Наталья Борисовна, кандидат биол. наук, доцент кафедры генетики Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии

ул. Кремлевская, д. 18, г. Казань, Республика Татарстан, 420008

Natalia B. Baranova, PhD in Biological Science, associate professor, the Department of Genetics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology

st. Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008

public.mail@kpfu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1118-1471КостенкоВ. В.KostenkoVictoria V.

Костенко Виктория Викторовна, кандидат биол. наук, доцент кафедры генетики Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии

ул. Кремлевская, д. 18, г. Казань, Республика Татарстан, 420008

Victoria V. Kostenko, PhD in Biological Science, associate professor, the Department of Genetics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology

st. Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008

vvkostenko1@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-3938ПономареваМ. Л.PonomarevaMira L.

Пономарева Мира Леонидовна, доктор биол. наук, профессор кафедры генетики Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии

ул. Кремлевская, д. 18, г. Казань, Республика Татарстан, 420008

Mira L. Ponomareva, DSc in Biological Science, professor at the Department of Genetics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology

public.mail@kpfu.ruФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»РоссияKazan (Volga Region) Federal UniversityRussian Federation202528022025261107114Copyright © Баранова Н.Б., Костенко В.В., Пономарева М.Л., 20252025Баранова Н.Б., Костенко В.В., Пономарева М.Л.Baranova N.B., Kostenko V.V., Ponomareva M.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1890

В Республике Татарстан мягкая яровая пшеница (Triticum aestivum L.) занимает одно из ведущих мест в полевых севооборотах и ежегодно засевается на площади более 400 тыс. га. Особую угрозу для посевов пшеницы представляют заболевания, вызываемые, в том числе фитопатогеном Puccinia striiformis, которые могут сокращать величину урожая до 90 %. В нашей работе было проведено генотипирование 25 сортов мягкой яровой пшеницы селекции Татарского НИИСХ в отношении генов устойчивости к желтой ржавчине – Yr1 (gwm311), Yr5 (S23M41 и S19M93), Yr10 (Xpsp3000), Yr15 (Xgwm413) и Yr17/Lr37/Sr38 (Ventriup/LN2). Для 56 % исследуемых сортов было выявлено наличие в генотипе маркера S23M41, ассоциированного с Yr5. Маркер S19M93 был идентифицирован для 84 % исследуемых сортов. Наличие маркера Xgwm413 установили для 32 % тестируемых сортов яровой пшеницы. Для всех изучаемых сортов получили отрицательные результаты идентификации молекулярного маркера Ventriup/LN2, ассоциированного с генами устойчивости к полосатой, листовой и стеблевой ржавчинам. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о генетическом разнообразии данных сортов в отношении устойчивости к P. striiformis. Наличие сразу трех генов устойчивости к желтой ржавчине (Yr1, Y5 и Yr15) выявлено для сортов Баракат, Йолдыз, Казанская Юбилейная, Ситара, Экада 113 и Экада 214.

In the Republic of Tatarstan, common spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) occupies a leading position in crop rotations and is sown annually on more than 400,000 hectares. Diseases caused by the phytopathogen Puccinia striiformis, which can reduce yields by up to 90 %, are a particular threat to wheat crops. In our work, 25 breeding cultivars of soft spring wheat bred by the Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture were genotyping for yellow rust resistance genes – Yr1 (gwm311), Yr5 (S23M41 and S19M93), Yr10 (Xpsp3000), Yr15 (Xgwm413) and Yr17/Lr37/Sr38 (Ventriup/LN2). The presence of the Yr5-associated marker S23M41 in the genotype was detected in 56 % of the tested cultivars. The S19M93 marker was identified in 84 % of the studied cultivars. The presence of the Xgwm413 marker was detected in 32 % of the tested spring wheat varieties. Negative results were obtained for the identification of the molecular marker Ventriup/LN2 associated with genes for resistance to stripe, leaf and stem rust in all the studied cultivars. The results obtained indicate the genetic diversity of these cultivars with regard to resistance to P. striiformis. The presence of three yellow rust resistance genes (Yr1, Y5 and Yr15) was detected for ‘Barakat’, ‘Yoldyz’, ‘Kazanskaya Yubileynaya’, ‘Sitara’, ‘Ekada 113’ and ‘Ekada 214’.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.