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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2025.26.3.564-576</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-1971</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. PLANT PROTECTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оптимизация методов оценки озимой ржи на устойчивость к снежной плесени в условиях естественных и искусственных инфекционных фонов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Optimization of methods for assessing the resistance of winter rye to snow mold in natural and artificial infection backgrounds</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-3938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономарева Мира Леонидовна, доктор биол. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник </p><p>Оренбургский тракт, 48, г. Казань, Республика Татарстан, 420059</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mira L. Ponomareva, DSc in Biological Science, professor, chief researcher </p><p>Orenburg tract, 48, Kazan, Tatarstan Republic, 420059</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatniva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8898-4435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономарев Сергей Николаевич, доктор с.-х. наук, главный научный сотрудник </p><p>Оренбургский тракт, 48, г. Казань, Республика Татарстан, 420059</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Ponomarev, DSc in Agricultural Science, chief researcher </p><p>Orenburg tract, 48, Kazan, Tatarstan Republic, 420059</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatniva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-783X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маннапова</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mannapova</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маннапова Гульназ Сулеймановна, кандидат с.-х. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>Оренбургский тракт, 48, г. Казань, Республика Татарстан, 420059</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnaz S. Mannapova, PhD in Agricultural Science, leading researcher </p><p>Orenburg tract, 48, Kazan, Tatarstan Republic, 420059</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatniva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6806-800X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Светлана Юрьевна, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник </p><p>Оренбургский тракт, 48, г. Казань, Республика Татарстан, 420059</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Yu. Pavlova, postgraduate student, junior researcher </p><p>Orenburg tract, 48, Kazan, Tatarstan Republic, 420059</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatniva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-3254</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Ирина Олеговна, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник </p><p>Оренбургский тракт, 48, г. Казань, Республика Татарстан, 420059</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina O. Ivanova, postgraduate student, junior researcher </p><p>Orenburg tract, 48, Kazan, Tatarstan Republic, 420059</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatniva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Татарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства – обособленное структурное подразделение ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр «Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture − Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science "Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>564</fpage><lpage>576</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пономарева М.Л., Пономарев С.Н., Маннапова Г.С., Павлова С.Ю., Иванова И.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пономарева М.Л., Пономарев С.Н., Маннапова Г.С., Павлова С.Ю., Иванова И.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ponomareva M.L., Ponomarev S.N., Mannapova G.S., Pavlova S.Y., Ivanova I.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1971">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/1971</self-uri><abstract><p>Снежная плесень – экономически значимое и прогрессирующее заболевание озимой ржи, вызываемое различными видами низкотемпературных грибов (аскомицетами и базидиомицетами) и грибоподобными организмами (оомицетами), потери урожая от которого могут достигать 30–50 %. Цель данной работы – совершенствование методов полевой оценки устойчивости озимой ржи к снежной плесени как при искусственном заражении, так и в естественных условиях. Исследования проводили в 2019–2024 годах в условиях Республики Татарстан. С 2021 года для искусственного заражения использовали наиболее агрессивные штаммы возбудителей розовой (Microdochium nivale), серой (Typhula incarnata) и крапчатой (T. ishikariensis) снежной плесени, собранные в Приволжском федеральном округе. В эксперимент включено 60 образцов озимой ржи, в том числе сорта селекции ТатНИИСХ ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН. Для более точной оценки степени поражения и выявления устойчивых генотипов разработана детализированная 9-балльная шкала, где 1 балл означает отсутствие поражения, 9 – полное поражение. В естественных условиях средний балл поражения варьировал от 2,41 до 5,15, а при искусственном заражении был значительно выше – от 4,48 до 8,40. В течение четырех из пяти лет наблюдений большинство сортов озимой ржи показали умеренный или умеренно-восприимчивый тип реакции на естественном фоне. Частота образцов с восприимчивой реакцией на искусственном инфекционном фоне в 2024 году достигла 96 %. Использование искусственных инфекционных фонов позволяет проводить оценку поражения снежной плесенью независимо от погодных условий и ускоряет селекционный процесс, обеспечивая объективную оценку устойчивости генотипов. В результате исследований оптимизирована методика создания автономных инфекционных фонов. Она включает выбор участка с продолжительным периодом таяния снега и ровным рельефом, использование инокулята, содержащего вирулентные штаммы патогенов, характерные для данного региона, и специальный метод внесения инфекционного агента.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Snow mold is an economically important and progressive disease of winter rye caused by several species of low temperature fungi (ascomycetes and basidiomycetes) and fungal-like organisms (oomycetes), with yield losses of up to 30–50 %. The aim of this work is to improve methods for field evaluation of winter rye resistance to snow mold, both under artificial infestation and natural conditions. The research was carried out in 2019–2024 in the Republic of Tatarstan. Since 2021, the most aggressive strains of pink (Microdochium nivale), grey (Typhula incarnata) and speckled (T. ishikariensis) snow mold pathogens collected in the Volga Federal District have been used for artificial infection. The experiment involved 60 winter rye samples, including cultivars bred by Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS. For a more accurate assessment of the degree of damage and identification of resistant genotypes, a detailed 9-point scale was developed, with 1 − no damage and 9 − complete damage. Under natural conditions, the average damage point ranged from 2.41 to 5.15, while under artificial infestation it was significantly higher, from 4.48 to 8.40. Most winter rye cultivars showed a moderate to moderately susceptible type of reaction on a natural background in four out of 5 years of observation. The frequency of susceptible samples on the artificial infection background reached 96 % in 2024. The use of artificial infection backgrounds allows snow mold damage to be assessed independently of weather conditions and speeds up the breeding process, providing an objective assessment of genotype resistance. As a result of research, the methodology for establishing autonomous infection backgrounds has been optimized. It involves the selection of a site with a long snowmelt period and flat relief, the use of inoculum containing virulent strains of pathogens characteristic of the region and a special method of introducing the pathogen.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возбудители снежной плесени</kwd><kwd>восприимчивость</kwd><kwd>естественный фон</kwd><kwd>создание искусственного инфекционного фона</kwd><kwd>шкала учета поражения растений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>snow mold pathogens</kwd><kwd>susceptibility</kwd><kwd>natural background</kwd><kwd>creation of artificial infectious background</kwd><kwd>plant damage accounting scale</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда № 24-16-00183, https://rscf.ru/project/24-16-00183/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation No. 24-16-00183, https://rscf.ru/project/24-16-00183/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponomareva M. 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