agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2025.26.2.379-387agronauka-2000Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ: ЗООТЕХНИЯОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: ZOOTECHNYМетаболизм и газообразование в рубце овец при использовании в питании различных источников жираRumen metabolism and gas formation in sheep fed different fat sourceshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-7022БоголюбоваН. В.BogolyubovaN. V.

Боголюбова Надежда Владимировна, доктор биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом физиологии и биохимии сельскохозяйственных животных

пос. Дубровицы, д. 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская область, 142132

Nadezhda V. Bogolyubova, DSc in Biological Science, leading researcher, Head of the Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Farm Animals

Dubrovitsy village, 60, Podolsk City District, Moscow Region, 142132

bogolubova@vij.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2362-0291ДевяткинВ. А.DevyatkinV. A.

Девяткин Владимир Анатольевич, кандидат с.-х. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела физиологии и биохимии сельскохозяйственных животных

пос. Дубровицы, д. 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская область, 142132

Vladimir A. Devyatkin, PhD in Agricultural Science, senior researcher, the Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Farm Animals

Dubrovitsy village, 60, Podolsk City District, Moscow Region, 142132

vijinfo@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4242-2239НекрасовР. В.NekrasovR. V.

Некрасов Роман Владимирович, доктор с.-х. наук, профессор РАН, заведующий отделом кормления сельскохозяйственных животных

пос. Дубровицы, д. 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская область, 142132

Roman V. Nekrasov, DSc in Agricultural Science, professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Feeding Farm Animals

Dubrovitsy village, 60, Podolsk City District, Moscow Region, 142132

vijinfo@yandex.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста»РоссияFederal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. ErnstRussian Federation202525042025262379–387Copyright © Боголюбова Н.В., Девяткин В.А., Некрасов Р.В., 20252025Боголюбова Н.В., Девяткин В.А., Некрасов Р.В.Bogolyubova N.V., Devyatkin V.A., Nekrasov R.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2000

Цель работы – исследование влияния различных источников жира в питании овец на показатели рубцового пищеварения, выделение метана и углекислого газа методом in vivo. Эксперимент проведен в условиях физиологического двора ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л. К. Эрнста в 2024 году на баранах романовской породы и помесях с катадином с хроническими фистулами рубца методом групп-периодов. Животные в контрольный период получали основной рацион (ОР – сено и концентраты), в I опытный – ОР + пальмовое масло, во II опытный – ОР + подсолнечное масло,  в III опытный – жир личинок мухи Hermetia illucens в дозировке 0,5 % от сухого вещества рациона (7,5 г в сутки). Суточное количество кормов животные получали в два приема. В конце каждого периода у всех животных исследовали показатели рубцового метаболизма в динамике, выделение газов in vivo. Дополнение различных источников жира в указанной дозировке не оказало отрицательного влияния на потребление основных кормов. Использование в питании овец жира личинок мухи способствовало повышению концентрации летучих жирных кислот на 29,0 % (р<0,01), снижению уровня аммонийного азота на 12,9 %. Использование пальмового и подсолнечного масла привело к снижению в рубце концентрации аммонийного азота по сравнению с контролем на 28,7 % (р<0,05) и 29,5 % (р<0,05) соответственно. В контрольный период из организма овец выделилось 20,66 л метана, в I опытный – меньше на 12,0 % (18,18 л), во II опытный – на 6,20 % (19,38 л), в III опытный – на 20,33 % (16,46 л) (р<0,01). Использование дополнительных источников жира в кормлении жвачных животных может быть эффективным способом снижения выделения парниковых газов. 

The aim of the work was to study the effect of various fat sources in sheep nutrition on the indices of rumen digestion and the release of methane and carbon dioxide using the in vivo method. The experiment was conducted in the physiological yard of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry in 2024 on Romanov rams and crossbreeds with Katadin with chronic rumen fistulas using the group-period method. During the control period, animals received the main diet (hay and concentrates), in the I experimental period – in addition to it, palm oil, in the II experimental – sunflower oil, in the III experimental – fat from the larvae of the Hermetia illucens fly at a dosage of 0.5 % of the DM (dry matter) of the diet  (7.5 g per day). Animals received the daily amount of feed in 2 doses. At the end of each period, all animals were examined  for rumen metabolism dynamics and gas emission in vivo. Supplementation of various fat sources in the specified dosage did not have a negative effect on the consumption of basic feed. The use of fly larvae fat in sheep diet contributed to an increase  in the concentration of VFA (volatile fatty acids) by 29 % (p<0.01), a decrease in the level of ammonia nitrogen by 12.91 %. The use of palm and vegetable fats led to a decrease in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen by 28.7 % (p<0.05) and 29.5 % (p<0.05) compared to the control, respectively. During the control period, 20.66 l of methane were excreted from the sheep's body, in the I experimental period it was 12.0 % less (18.18 l), in the II experimental period – 6.20 % less (19.38 l), in the III experimental period – 20.33 % less (16.46 l) (p<0.01). Using additional fat sources in ruminant feed may be an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.