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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2025.26.3.595-607</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-2010</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ: СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННАЯ МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ И МИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Отбор стрептомицетов-хитинолитиков для биоконтроля грибных фитопатогенов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Selection of streptomyces chitinolytics for biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3319-2729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Широких</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirokikh</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Широких Ирина Геннадьевна, доктор биол. наук, главный научный сотрудник, зав. лабораторией </p><p>д. 166а, ул. Ленина, г. Киров, 610007</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Shirokikh, DSc in Biological Science, chief researcher, Head of the Laboratory </p><p>Lenin str., 166a, Kirov, 610007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irgenal@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1000-1192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боков</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bokov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боков Никита Александрович, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник </p><p>д. 166а, ул. Ленина, г. Киров, 610007</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita A. Bokov, graduate student, junior researcher </p><p>Lenin str., 166a, Kirov, 610007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">priemnaya@fanc-sv.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5171-2476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакулина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakulina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бакулина Анна Владимировна, кандидат биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник, зав. лабораторией молекулярной биологии и селекции </p><p>д. 166а, ул. Ленина, г. Киров, 610007</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Bakulina, PhD in Biological Science, senior researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Breeding </p><p>Lenin str., 166a, Kirov, 610007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">priemnaya@fanc-sv.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5582-1709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессолицына</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessolitsyna</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бессолицына Екатерина Андреевна, кандидат биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и селекции </p><p>д. 166а, ул. Ленина, г. Киров, 610007</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Bessolitsyna, PhD in Biological Science, senior researcher, the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Breeding </p><p>Lenin str., 166a, Kirov, 610007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">priemnaya@fanc-sv.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока имени Н. В. Рудницкого»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>595</fpage><lpage>607</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Широких И.Г., Боков Н.А., Бакулина А.В., Бессолицына Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Широких И.Г., Боков Н.А., Бакулина А.В., Бессолицына Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shirokikh I.G., Bokov N.A., Bakulina A.V., Bessolitsyna E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2010">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2010</self-uri><abstract><p>Интерес к хитинолитически активным микроорганизмам связан с возможностью их участия в защите растений от поражения грибными инфекциями, поскольку хитин является структурным компонентом клеточных стенок грибов. Среди бактерий к наиболее активным хитинолитикам относят представителей рода Streptomyces. Применение стрептомицетов в борьбе с вредоносными фитопатогенами сельскохозяйственных культур обусловлено способностью синтезировать широкий спектр биологически активных соединений, а также экологической безопасностью, т. к. стрептомицеты – естественный компонент любого агроценоза. В работе изучали распространение стрептомицетов-хитинолитиков среди природных изолятов из почв Вятско-Камского Предуралья. Скрининг хитинолитически активных культур осуществляли с помощью функциональных (фенотипических) и генетических предикторов. Оценка функциональной активности показала, что доля активно разлагающих хитин штаммов с энзиматическим индексом ЕI ≥ 2 составила в исследуемых почвах около 40 %. Наиболее активно разлагали хитин штаммы видов S. griseoaurantiacus и S. thermocarboxydus. Генетические детерминанты хитинолиза – гены хитиназы А, хитиназы С и хитинсвязывающих белков определяли в геномах природных изолятов с помощью ПЦР с использованием разработанных специфических праймеров. Установлено, что отдельные генетические детерминанты хитинолиза (chiA, chiС, chb) распространены у стрептомицетов гораздо шире, чем хитинолиз, выявленный в функциональных тестах. Это связано с индуцибельным характером фермента хитиназы и зависимостью его активности от факторов экзогенной природы. Хитинолиз местных изолятов сравнивали с активностью штаммов, выделенных из почвы аридной зоны. На 7-е сутки роста местных изолятов в погруженной культуре активность хитиназы изменялась от 15,83±12,01 до 50,63±38,81 Ед/мл, тогда как у штамма, выделенного из аридной почвы, активность фермента в этот же срок составила 76,46±42,12 Ед/мл. Оценка антифунгального действия стрептомицетов-хитинолитиков в отношении возбудителей альтернариоза, гельминтоспориозных и фузариозных корневых гнилей зерновых культур, выявила штаммы, перспективные для использования в агробиотехнологиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Interest in chitinolytically active microorganisms is related to the possibility of their participation in protecting plants from fungal infections, since chitin is a structural component of fungal cell walls. Among the bacteria, the most active chitinolytics include representatives of the genus Streptomyces. The use of streptomyces in the fight against harmful phytopathogens of agricultural crops is due to the ability to synthesize a wide range of biologically active compounds, as well as environmental safety, since streptomyces are a natural component of any agrocenosis. The paper studied the distribution of streptomyces chitinolytics among natural isolates from the soils of the Vyatka-Kama Urals. Chitinolytically active cultures were screened using functional (phenotypic) and genetic predictors. The assessment of functional activity showed that the proportion of chitin-actively decomposing strains with an enzymatic index of EI≥2 was about 40 % in the studied soils. Strains of S. griseoaurantiacus and S. thermocarboxydus species decomposed chitin most actively. The genetic determinants of chitinolysis – the genes of chitinase A, chitinase C, and chitin-binding proteins – were determined in the genomes of natural isolates using PCR using specially developed specific primers. It has been established that individual genetic determinants of chitinolysis (chiA, chiC, chb) are much more widespread in streptomyces than chitinolysis detected in functional tests. This is due to the inducible nature of the chitinase enzyme and the dependence of its activity on exogenous factors. Chitinolysis of local isolates was compared with the activity of strains isolated from the soil of the arid zone. On the 7th day of growth of local isolates in the immersed culture, chitinase activity varied from 15.83±12.01 to 50.63±38.81 U/ml, whereas in the strain isolated from arid soil, the enzyme activity in the same period was 76.46±42.12 U/ml. Evaluation of the antifungal effect of streptomyces chitinolytics against pathogens of alternariasis, helminthosporiosis and fusarium root rot of grain crops revealed local strains promising for use in agrobiotechnology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Streptomyces</kwd><kwd>активность хитиназы</kwd><kwd>фитопатогенные грибы</kwd><kwd>продукция антибиотиков</kwd><kwd>природоподобные технологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Streptomyces</kwd><kwd>chitinase activity</kwd><kwd>phytopathogenic fungi</kwd><kwd>antibiotic production</kwd><kwd>nature-like technologies</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока имени Н. В. Рудницкого» (темы № FNWE-2025-0005; № FNWE-2025-0001).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment of Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky (theme No. FNWE-2025-0005, FNWE-2025-0001).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhattacharya D., Nagpure A., Gupta R. K. Bacterial chitinases: properties and potential. Critical reviews in biotechnology. 2007;27(1):21–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07388550601168223</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhattacharya D., Nagpure A., Gupta R. K. Bacterial chitinases: properties and potential. Critical reviews in biotechnology. 2007;27(1):21–28. 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