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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2025.26.3.470-498</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-2023</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Классические и современные подходы к изучению органического вещества дерново-подзолистых почв Среднего Предуралья (аналитический обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Classical and modern approaches to the study of organic matter of sod-podzolic soils in the Middle Pre-Urals (analytical review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-8998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavyalova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Завьялова Нина Егоровна, доктор биол. наук, главный научный сотрудник </p><p>д. 12, улица Культуры, с. Лобаново, Пермский край, 614532</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina E. Zavyalova, DSc in Biological Science, chief researcher </p><p>12, Kultury Street, Lobanovo village, Perm Region, 614532</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nezavyalova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2945-0585</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ямалтдинова</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yamaltdinova</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ямалтдинова Венера Рафхатовна, кандидат с.-х. наук, старший научный сотрудник </p><p>д. 12, улица Культуры, с. Лобаново, Пермский край, 614532</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Venera R. Yamaltdinova, PhD in Agricultural Science, senior researcher </p><p>12, Kultury Street, Lobanovo village, Perm Region, 614532</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pniish@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6869-9722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишков</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шишков Данил Глебович, научный сотрудник </p><p>д. 12, улица Культуры, с. Лобаново, Пермский край, 614532</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil G. Shishkov, researcher </p><p>12, Kultury Street, Lobanovo village, Perm Region, 614532</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pniish@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8639-4060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябина</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Scryabina</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скрябина София Сергеевна, младший научный сотрудник </p><p>д. 12, улица Культуры, с. Лобаново, Пермский край, 614532</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofia S. Scryabina, junior researcher </p><p>12, Kultury Street, Lobanovo village, Perm Region, 614532</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pniish@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5962-2967</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казакова Инна Владимировна, младший научный сотрудник </p><p>д. 12, улица Культуры, с. Лобаново, Пермский край, 614532</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Kazakova, junior researcher </p><p>12, Kultury Street, Lobanovo village, Perm Region, 614532</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pniish@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пермский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства – филиал ФГБУН Пермского федерального исследовательского центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Perm Agricultural Research Institute – branch of Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>470</fpage><lpage>498</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Завьялова Н.Е., Ямалтдинова В.Р., Шишков Д.Г., Скрябина С.С., Казакова И.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Завьялова Н.Е., Ямалтдинова В.Р., Шишков Д.Г., Скрябина С.С., Казакова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zavyalova N.E., Yamaltdinova V.R., Shishkov D.G., Scryabina S.S., Kazakova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2023">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2023</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены экспериментальные данные ученых Пермского НИИСХ – филиала ПФИЦ УрО РАН, полученные за 2000–2024 гг., обобщена и проанализирована научная литература за 1990–2024 гг. российских и иностранных специалистов по изучению почвенного органического вещества (ПОВ). Выявлены разнонаправленные тенденции изменения органического углерода в почве по сравнению с исходным уровнем при смене режима землепользования: уменьшение при интенсивной обработке почвы и отсутствии удобрений, сохранение и увеличение – при поступлении большого количества органического вещества с биомассой возделываемых культур в севообороте и органическими удобрениями. Показано влияние приемов землепользования на содержание различных фракций трансформируемого органического вещества. Установлено, что в почвенно-климатических условиях Среднего Предуралья потери органического углерода в процессе минерализации за вегетационный период потенциально могут составить от 2,37 до 3,21 % от его общего содержания. Определен высокий углеродсеквестрирующий потенциал дерново-подзолистой тяжелосуглинистой почвы. Проведена оценка секвестрации углерода культурами севооборота и многолетними травами. Выявлено, что в процессе фотосинтеза козлятник восточный преобразует из атмосферы в биомассу растений более 30 т/га СО2, или 8,4 т С/га в год, левзея сафлоровидная – 24,3–41,3 т/га СО2 (6,8–11,5 т/га). За счет большого количества и благоприятного биохимического состава пожнивно-корневых остатков многолетних кормовых культур наблюдается накопление и депонирование органического углерода в почве. Исследование почвенного микробиома дерново-подзолистых тяжелосуглинистых почв Среднего Предуралья выявили 17 филумов, состоящих из доменов Archaea (1 филум) и Bacteria (16 филумов). Обнаружены различия в составе почвенных микроорганизмов в почвах при различном землепользовании. Обозначены перспективы дальнейшего изучения ПОВ в связи с проблемой глобального изменения климата и развитием инструментальных высокоточных методов анализа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Experimental data of scientists of Perm Agricultural Research Institute – branch of PFRC UB RAS obtained for 2000–2024 are presented, scientific literature for 1990–2024 of Russian and foreign specialists on the study of soil organic matter (SOM) is summarized and analyzed. Multidirectional tendencies of organic carbon change in soil compared to the initial level at change of land use regime were revealed: decrease at intensive tillage and absence of fertilizers, preservation and increase – at input of large amount of organic matter with biomass of cultivated crops in crop rotation and organic fertilizers. The influence of land use practices on the content of different fractions of transformed organic matter is shown. It has been established that in soil-climatic conditions of the Middle Urals the losses of organic carbon in the process of mineralization during the vegetation period can potentially make from 2.37 to 3.21 % of its total content. High carbon sequestering potential of sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil was determined. Carbon sequestration by crops of crop rotation and perennial grasses was assessed. It was revealed that in the process of photosynthesis eastern galega converts from atmosphere to plant biomass more than 30 t/ha of CO2 or 8.4 t C/ha per year, safflower leuzea – 24.3–41.3 t/ha of CO2 (6.8–11.5 t/ha). Due to the large amount and favourable biochemical composition of crop-root residues of perennial fodder crops, accumulation and deposition of organic carbon in the soil is observed. The study of soil microbiome of sod-podzolic heavy loamy soils of the Middle Urals revealed 17 phylums consisting of Archaea (1 phylum) and Bacteria (16 phylums) domains. Differences in the composition of soil microorganisms in soils of different types of land use were found. Prospects for further study of SOM are outlined in connection with the problem of global climate change, as well as the development of instrumental high-precision methods of analysis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>приемы землепользования</kwd><kwd>удобрения</kwd><kwd>структура почвенного органического вещества</kwd><kwd>экофизиологические показатели</kwd><kwd>секвестрация углерода</kwd><kwd>анализ почвенного микробиома</kwd><kwd>обзор научной литературы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>land use practices</kwd><kwd>fertilizers</kwd><kwd>soil organic matter structure</kwd><kwd>ecophysiological indicators</kwd><kwd>carbon sequestration</kwd><kwd>soil microbiome analysis</kwd><kwd>scientific literature review</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания ФГБУН Пермского федерального исследовательского центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук (тема АААА-А18-118021990053-3).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment of Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (theme No. АААА-А18-118021990053-3).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семенов В. 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