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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2018.64.3.04-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-214</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование маркерной селекции в создании моделей сортов зерновых культур, устойчивых к абиотическим стрессам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Use of marker-assisted selection in creation of models of cereal crops varieties resisted to abiotic stresses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисицын</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisitsyn</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">edaphic@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока имени Н.В. Рудницкого»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лисицын Е.М., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лисицын Е.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lisitsyn E.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/214">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/214</self-uri><abstract><p>В условиях постоянно изменяющихся требований производства и ухудшающейся экологической обстановки является необходимым постоянное обновление моделей сортов сельскохозяйственных культур. При создании моделей сорта требуется проведение генотипирования родительских растений (на первом этапе разработки модели) и наиболее подходящих растений из гибридных расщепляющихся популяций (на третьем этапе). MAS-селекция позволяет существенно сократить время и трудоемкость подобной работы по сравнению с традиционной технологией оценки генотипа по фенотипическому проявлению признака В обзоре рассматриваются имеющиеся на сегодняшний день маркеры признаков, желательных для включения во вновь создаваемые сорта: морфологические, физиолого-биохимические (аллозимные) и различные типы молекулярных (микросателлиты и локусы количественных признаков). Дана характеристика наиболее распространенных методов маркер-вспомогательного отбора, рассмотрены причины популярности MAS-селекции среди частных и государственных селекционных компаний, приведены примеры успешного использования молекулярных маркеров в работах по повышению уровня устойчивости зерновых культур к засухе, повышенной кислотности и содержанию ионов алюминия. Отдельно рассматриваются причины относительно слабого успеха в создании сортов, устойчивых к абиотическим стрессам по сравнению с селекцией на устойчивость к различным болезням. Особое внимание уделено генетической сложности контроля количественных признаков, влиянию факторов внешней среды на проявление сцепленности локусов количественных признаков и маркируемых ими генов. Делается вывод о высокой перспективности использования молекулярных маркеров в исследовательских проектах по разработке и созданию моделей сортов сельскохозяйственных культур, сочетающих высокую урожайность и качество продукции с устойчивостью к стрессовым абиотическим факторам среды.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Under the conditions of constantly changing industry demands and worsening of ecological situation, models of agricultural crops varieties must be regularly modernized. While creating a varietal model it is necessary to do the genotyping of parental plants (at the first stage of model design) and most suitable plants from hybrid segregating populations (at the third stage). MAS-breeding allows to reduce significantly time and labor cost of this work as compared to the traditional technology of genotype evaluation by phenotypic display of a trait. Different markers of trait existing today desired to be introduced into newly created varieties are considered in the review: morphological markers, physiological-biochemical (allozime) markers and different types of molecular markers (microsatellites and quantitative trait loci). The characteristics is given to the most widespread methods of marker-assisted selection; reasons of MAS-breeding popularity within private and public breeding companies are considered; examples of successful use of molecular markers in programs on increasing the resistance of cereal crops to drought, heightened acidity and content of aluminum ions are presented. Reasons of relatively low success in creation of varieties resistant to abiotic stresses as compared to breeding for disease resistance are observed separately. Special attention is paid to genetic complexity in control of quantitative traits; to the influence of environmental factors on display of link between quantitative trait loci and genes marked by them. Conclusion is made on high perspective in use of molecular markers in investigation projects on development and creation of varietal models of agricultural crops which combine high productivity and product quality with resistance to stress abiotic environmental factors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>популяция</kwd><kwd>локус количественного признака</kwd><kwd>беккроссинг</kwd><kwd>рекуррентный отбор</kwd><kwd>засуха</kwd><kwd>алюмоустойчивость</kwd><kwd>фенотипирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>population</kwd><kwd>quantitative trait locus</kwd><kwd>backcrossing</kwd><kwd>recurrent selection</kwd><kwd>drought</kwd><kwd>aluminum-resistance</kwd><kwd>phenotyping</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кумаков В.А. Физиологическое обоснование моделей сортов пшеницы. 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