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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2025.26.4.852-871</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-2156</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ: ЗООТЕХНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: ZOOTECHNY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Информационный контент полиморфизма STR-локусов в выборках быков-производителей трёх пород</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The polymorphism information content of the STR loci in the samples of breeding bulls of three breeds</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2219-805X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Василий Михайлович, доктор с.-х. наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией популяционной генетики в животноводстве,</p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 166а, г. Киров, 610007,</p><p>vm-kuznetsov@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy M. Kuznetsov, DSc in Agricultural Science, professor, Head of the Laboratory of Population Genetics in Animal Husbandry,</p><p>Lenin str., 166a, Kirov, 610007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">priemnaya@fanc-sv.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока имени Н. В. Рудницкого»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>852</fpage><lpage>871</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузнецов В.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2156">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2156</self-uri><abstract><p>Данные генотипирования по 11 микросателлитным локусам (STR) производителей джерсейской (JER; n = 10), красной скандинавской (RED; n = 29) и голштинской (HOL; n = 45) пород использовали для расчёта информационного контента полиморфизма (𝑷𝑰𝑪). По JER-выборке оценки 𝑷𝑰𝑪 локусов были в диапазоне [0,222; 0,680], по REDвыборке – [0,448; 0,802], по HOL-выборке – [0,466; 0,825]; средние соответственно 0,470, 0,650 и 0,682. Различия среднего по JER-выборке со средними по RED- и HOL-выборкам были статистически значимыми (𝒑𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 &lt; 0,005). Высокоинформативных локусов (𝑷𝑰𝑪 &gt; 0,6) в JER-, RED- и HOL-выборках было 36,4, 63,6 и 72,7 % соответственно. В 2D-проекции анализа соответствия породных выборок с четырьмя категориями – первая размерность объясняла 94,5 % извлеченной инверсии, вторая – 4,5 %. На ординации проявилась близость RED- и HOL-выборок и их контраст с JER-выборкой. Также имели место близость 2-ой (𝑷𝑰𝑪 = 0,4-0,6) и 3-ей (𝑷𝑰𝑪 = 0,61-0,8) категорий, их контраст с 4-ой категорией (PIC &gt; 0,8) и более значительный – с 1-ой категорией (𝑷𝑰𝑪&lt; 0,4). Для идентификации животных с ошибкой 0,0001 в JER-выборке было достаточно пять, в RED-выборке – четыре, в HOL-выборке – три локуса с высокими показателями 𝑷𝑰𝑪. При проверке происхождения, когда генотипы обоих родителей известны, вероятность исключения 99,9 % достигалась в HOL-выборке по 8 локусам, в RED-выборке – по 10, в JER-выборке требовалось более 11 локусов. В случае, когда известен генотип одного родителя, все 11 локусов в JER-, RED- и HOL-выборках могли обеспечить вероятность исключения 88,2, 98,3 и 99,1 % соответственно. Показатели индивидуальной гетерозиготности одних и тех же производителей, рассчитанные по высокоинформативным и низкоинформативным локусам, были статистически независимыми (r2 = 0,07). Оценки индексов фиксации (𝑮𝑺𝑻, 𝑮′𝑺𝑻(𝑵)), их модификаций (𝑮′𝑺𝑻(𝑯), 𝑮′𝑺𝑻) и межпородной дифференциации (𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒕, 𝑫′) RED- и HOL-выборок были: по 11 локусам – 0,056 и 0,105, 0,331 и 0,366, 0,292 и 0,343; по пяти низкоинформативным локусам (𝑷𝑰𝑪𝒎𝒊𝒏) – 0,07 и 0,13, 0,292 и 0,338, 0,238 и 0,269; по пяти высокоинформативным локусам (𝑷𝑰𝑪𝒎𝒂𝒙) – 0,034 и 0,066, 0,319 и 0,342, 0,295 и 0,355 соответственно. При планировании широкомасштабных популяционно-генетических исследований выбор высокоинформативных маркеров ДНК, по крайней мере, не снизит точность генетических оценок и тестов, но сократит затраты на генотипирование и анализы меньшего числа локусов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Genotyping data for 11 microsatellite loci (STR) of the Jersey (JER, n = 10), Red Scandinavian (RED, n = 29) and Holstein (HOL, n = 45) breeds were used to calculate polymorphism information content (𝑷𝑰𝑪). For the JER-sample, the estimates of 𝑷𝑰𝑪 loci were in the range of [0.222; 0.680], for the RED-sample – [0.448; 0.802], for the HOL-sample – [0.466; 0.825]; averages were 0.470, 0.650 and 0.682, respectively. The differences between the average of the JER-sample and the average of the RED- and HOL-samples were statistically significant (pvalue &lt; 0.005). Highly informative loci (𝑷𝑰𝑪&gt; 0.6) in the JER-, RED- and HOL-samples were 36.4, 63.6 and 72.7 %, respectively. In the 2D projection of the analysis of the correspondence of bull samples with four 𝑷𝑰𝑪 categories, the first dimension explained 94.5 % of the extracted inversion, the second – 4.5 %. The ordination revealed the proximity of the RED- and HOL-samples and their contrast with the JER-sample. There was also a proximity of 2 (𝑷𝑰𝑪 = 0.4-0.6) and 3 (𝑷𝑰𝑪 = 0.61-0.8) categories, their contrast with category 4 (𝑷𝑰𝑪&gt; 0.8) and a stronger contrast with category 1 (𝑷𝑰𝑪&lt; 0.4). To identify animals with an error of 0.0001, five loci with high 𝑷𝑰𝑪 scores were sufficient in the JER-sample, four in the RED-sample, and three in the HOL-sample. When verifying the origin, when the genotypes of both parents are known, the 99.9 % probability exclusion was achieved in the HOL-sample at 8 loci, in the RED-sample at 10, and in the JER-sample more than 11 loci were required. In the case where the genotype of one parent is known, all 11 loci in the JER-, RED- and HOL-samples could provide probability exclusion of 88.2, 98.3, and 99.1 %, respectively. The indicators of individual heterozygosity of the same bulls, calculated from highly and low-informative loci, were statistically independent (𝒓𝟐 = 0.07). Estimates of fixation indices (𝑮𝑺𝑻, 𝑮′𝑺𝑻(𝑵)), their modifications (𝑮′𝑺𝑻(𝑯), 𝑮′′𝑺𝑻 ) and interbreed differentiation (𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒕, 𝑫′ ) the RED- and HOL-samples were: for 11 loci – 0.056 and 0.105, 0.331 and 0.366, 0.292 and 0.343, respectively; for five low–information loci (𝑷𝑰𝑪𝒎𝒊𝒏) - 0.07 and 0.13, 0.292 and 0.338, 0.238 and 0.269; for five high-information loci (𝑷𝑰𝑪𝒎𝒂𝒙) – 0.034 and 0.066, 0.319 and 0.342, 0.295 and 0.355. When planning large-scale population-genetic studies, the choice of highly informative DNA markers will at least not reduce the accuracy of genetic assessments and tests, but will cut back the cost of genotyping and analysis of fewer loci.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>породы КРС</kwd><kwd>STR-маркеры</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>𝑃𝐼𝐶</kwd><kwd>ANOVA</kwd><kwd>сеть</kwd><kwd>вероятность идентичности</kwd><kwd>вероятность исключения</kwd><kwd>индивидуальная гетерозиготность</kwd><kwd>анализ соответствия</kwd><kwd>меры дифференциации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cattle breeds</kwd><kwd>STR markers</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>Polymorphism Information Content – 𝑃𝐼𝐶</kwd><kwd>ANOVA</kwd><kwd>network</kwd><kwd>probability of identity</kwd><kwd>probability of exclusion</kwd><kwd>individual heterozygosity</kwd><kwd>correspondence analysis</kwd><kwd>differentiation measures</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока имени Н. В. Рудницкого» (№ гос. регистрации 1021060407726-4).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky (theme No. 1021060407726-4).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nei M. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1973;70(12):3321–3323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.70.12.3321</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nei M. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1973;70(12):3321–3323. 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