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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2025.26.4.885-895</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-2158</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ: ЗООТЕХНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: ZOOTECHNY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Продуктивные и функциональные признаки первотелок трех генотипов при разных системах доения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Productive and functional traits of first-calf heifers of three genotypes by different systems of milking</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7978-6696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левина</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levina</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Левина Галина Николаевна, доктор с.-х. наук,</p><p>пос. Дубровицы, д. 60, г.о. Подольск, Московская область, 142132,</p><p>gnlevina@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina N. Levina, DSc in Agricultural Science,</p><p>Dubrovitsy village, 60, Podolsk City District, Moscow Region, 142132</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@vij.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаренко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarenko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Назаренко Александр Иванович, кандидат биол. наук,</p><p>пос. Дубровицы, д. 60, г.о. Подольск, Московская область, 142132</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Nazarenko, PhD in Biological Science,</p><p>Dubrovitsy village, 60, Podolsk City District, Moscow Region, 142132</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@vij.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. Ernst</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>885</fpage><lpage>895</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Левина Г.Н., Назаренко А.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Левина Г.Н., Назаренко А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Levina G.N., Nazarenko A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2158">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2158</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – выявить лучшие генотипы симментальской породы для ее совершенствования. Из первотелок трех генотипов племенного завода по разведению симментальской породы Курской области в 2019–2022 гг. сформировали группы пар-аналогов по доле крови симментальской (СИМ), монбельярдской (МБ), голштинской (ГШ) пород (генотипы: 25%СИМ75%ГШ; 50%СИМ50%ГШ и 50%МБ25%СИМ25%ГШ). При доении на роботах животных каждого генотипа было по 140 голов, на линейной установке (ЛУ) – по 70. Упитанность оценивали при взвешивании животных (п = 20). Реакцию на раздражитель определяли (п = 20) с пятикратным повторением. Индекс осеменения рассчитывали по данным зоотехнического учета по отношению числа выполненных осеменений к плодотворным. Установили, что живая масса и упитанность выше у дочерей МБ быков при доении на роботах на 15 кг (p&lt;0,05) и 0,68 балла (p&lt;0,01), на ЛУ – на 8 кг (p&lt;0,05) и 0,75 балла (p&lt;0,01) в сравнении со сверстницами генотипа 25%СИМ75%ГШ. Индексы осеменения дочерей МБ быков и первотелок с долей крови 50%ГШ были лучше, чем у сверстниц генотипа 25%СИМ75%ГШ на 0,17 (p&lt;0,001) и 0,13 (p&lt;0,001) единицы при доении коров на роботах и на 0,34 (p&lt;0,001) и 0,31 (p&lt;0,001) – при доении на линейной установке. Дочери МБ быков по сумме молочного жира и белка превосходили сверстниц генотипов 25%СИМ75%ГШ и 50%СИМ50%ГШ при доении на роботах на 31,3 и 55,6 кг, на ЛУ – на 39,9 и 54,8 кг соответственно. Реакция на раздражитель животных с долей крови 75%ГШ, в сравнении со сверстницами генотипов 50%СИМ50%ГШ и 50%МБ25%СИМ25%ГШ, при доении на роботах выше на 22 и 16 %, на ЛУ – на 23 и 16 %. При доении на роботах выбыло коров с долей крови 50%ГШ и 75%ГШ по 8 % (дочерей МБ быков – 5 %), на ЛУ – 75%ГШ – 21 %, а генотипов 50%СИМ50%ГШ и 50%МБ25%СИМ25%ГШ – 15 и 16 %. Для улучшения симментальской породы приоритетным является генотип 50%МБ25%СИМ25%ГШ относительно генотипов 25%СИМ75%ГШ и 50%СИМ50%ГШ, так как у животных лучшие показатели: по сумме молочного жира и белка при доении роботами – +31,3 и +55,6 кг, на ЛУ – +39,9 и +54,8 кг, индексу осеменения – -0,17 и -0,04; -0,34 и +0,03 единицы, упитанности – +0,75 и +0,21; +0,68 и +0,18 балла, реакции на раздражитель – -23 и -16 %; -22 и -7 %, выбытию после 1-й лактации – -3 и -3 %; -5 и +1 % соответственно</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to identify the most promising genotypes of the Simmental breed for its genetic improvement. Between 2019 and 2022, groups of analog pairs were formed from first-calf heifers of three genotypes at a Simmental breeding farm in the Kursk region, based on the proportion of Simmental (SIM), Montbéliarde (MB), and Holstein (HOL) breeds (genotypes: 25%SIM75%HOL; 50%SIM50%HOL; and 50%MB25%SIM25%HOL). Each genotype group consisted of 140 animals milked with robotic systems and 70 animals milked using a linear milking system (LMS). Body condition was assessed during weighing (n = 20). The animals’ response to a stimulus was measured (n = 20) with five repetitions. The insemination index was calculated based on zootechnical records as the ratio of total inseminations to successful ones. It was found that live weight and body condition were higher in the daughters of MB bulls: by 15 kg (p&lt;0.05) and 0.68 points (p&gt;&lt;0.01) during robotic milking, and by 8 kg (p&gt;&lt;0.05) and 0.75 points (p&gt;&lt;0.01) on the LMS, compared to peers of the 25%SIM75%HOL genotype. The insemination indices of daughters of MB bulls and first-calf heifers with 50%HOL blood were better than those of animals with 25%SIM75%HOL by 0.17 (p&gt;&lt;0.001) and 0.13 (p&gt;&lt;0.001) during robotic milking, and by 0.34 (p&gt;&lt;0.001) and 0.31 &gt; &lt; 0.05) and 0.68 points (p &lt; 0.01) during robotic milking, and by 8 kg (p &lt; 0.05) and 0.75 points (p &lt; 0.01) on the LMS, compared to peers of the 25%SIM75%HOL genotype. The insemination indices of daughters of MB bulls and first-calf heifers with 50%HOL blood were better than those of animals with 25%SIM75%HOL by 0.17 (p &lt; 0.001) and 0.13 (p &lt; 0.001) during robotic milking, and by 0.34 (p &lt; 0.001) and 0.31 (p &lt; 0.001) on the LMS. In terms of combined milk fat and protein yield, the daughters of MB bulls outperformed peers of the 25%SIM75%HOL and 50%SIM50%HOL genotypes by 31.3 and 55.6 kg, respectively, during robotic milking, and by 39.9 and 54.8 kg, respectively, on the LMS. Animals with 75%HOL blood showed a stronger reaction to stimuli – 22 and 16 % higher during robotic milking, and 23 and 16 % higher on the LMS—compared to peers with 50%SIM50%HOL and 50%MB25%SIM25%HOL genotypes. Culling rates after the first lactation under robotic milking were 8 % for cows with 50 and 75%HOL blood (5 % for daughters of MB bulls), and under LMS: 21 % for 75%HOL, 15 % for 50%SIM50%HOL, and 16% for 50%MB25%SIM25%HOL genotypes. Therefore, the 50%MB25%SIM25%HOL genotype is considered the most promising for improving the Simmental breed, compared to 25%SIM75%HOL and 50%SIM50%HOL genotypes, due to superior results in: combined milk fat and protein yield (robotic milking: +31.3 and +55.6 kg; LMS: +39.9 and +54.8 kg), insemination index (-0.17 and -0.04; -0.34 and +0.03), body condition (+0.75 and +0.21; +0.68 and +0.18 points), reaction to stimuli (-23 and -16 %; -22 and -7 %), and lower culling rates after the first lactation (-3 and -3 %; -5 and +1 %, respectively).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>симментальская</kwd><kwd>монбельярдская</kwd><kwd>голштинская породы</kwd><kwd>продуктивность</kwd><kwd>роботодоение</kwd><kwd>реакция на стресс</kwd><kwd>выбытие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Simmental</kwd><kwd>Montbéliard</kwd><kwd>Holstein breeds</kwd><kwd>genotypes</kwd><kwd>milk production</kwd><kwd>robotic milking</kwd><kwd>stress response</kwd><kwd>disposal</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. 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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22314/27132064-2024-2-11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
