agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2025.26.5.1112-1124agronauka-2232Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯВыявление генов, ассоциированных с технологическими свойствами молока коров, с помощью GWA-анализа и генной онтологииIdentification of genes associated with technological properties of cow milk using GWA analysis and gene ontologyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-6694ЛевченкоМ. В.LevchenkoM. V.

Мария Владимировна Левченко, научный сотрудник отдела популяционной генетики и генетических основ разведения животных,

пос. Дубровицы, д. 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская область, 142132,

marikornelaeva@yandex.ru

Maria V Levchenko, researcher, the Department of Population Genetics and Genetic Foundations of Animal Breeding,

Dubrovitsy village, 60, Podolsk City District, Moscow Region, 142132

priemnaya-vij@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-1404КарликоваГ. Г.KarlikovaG. G.

Галина Геннадьевна Карликова, доктор с.-х. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела популяционной генетики и генетических основ разведения животных,

пос. Дубровицы, д. 60, г.о. Подольск, Московская область, 142132

Galina G Karlikova, DSc in Agricultural Science, senior researcher, the Department of Population Genetics and Genetic Foundations of Animal Breeding,

Dubrovitsy village, 60, Podolsk City District, Moscow Region, 142132

priemnaya-vij@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3285-7853ПетряковаГ. К.PetryakovaG. K.

Галина Константиновна Петрякова, программист отдела популяционной генетики и генетических основ разведения животных,

пос. Дубровицы, д. 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская область, 142132

Galina K Petryakova, Programmer, the Department of Population Genetics and Genetic Foundations of Animal Breeding,

Dubrovitsy village, 60, Podolsk City District, Moscow Region, 142132

priemnaya-vij@mail.ruЛашневаИ. А.LashnevaI. A.

Ирина Алексеевна Лашнева, кандидат биол. наук, ведущий специалист отдела популяционной генетики и генетических основ разведения животных,

пос. Дубровицы, д. 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская область, 142132

Irina A Lashneva, PhD in Biology, leading specialist, the Department of Population Genetics and Genetic Foundations of Animal Breeding, 

Dubrovitsy village, 60, Podolsk City District, Moscow Region, 142132

priemnaya-vij@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-6014СермягинА. А.SermyaginA. A.

Александр Александрович Сермягин, кандидат с.-х. наук, директор,

Московское шоссе, 55а, г. Санкт-Петербург, 196601

Alexander A Sermyagin, PhD in Agricultural Science, Director,

Moscow Shosse, 55a, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196601

spbvniigen@mail.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста»РоссияFederal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. ErnstRussian FederationВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста»РоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Farm Animals – Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. ErnstRussian Federation20251311202526511121124Copyright © Левченко М.В., Карликова Г.Г., Петрякова Г.К., Лашнева И.А., Сермягин А.А., 20252025Левченко М.В., Карликова Г.Г., Петрякова Г.К., Лашнева И.А., Сермягин А.А.Levchenko M.V., Karlikova G.G., Petryakova G.K., Lashneva I.A., Sermyagin A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2232

В последние годы наблюдается значительное развитие технологий в области генетики и селекции крупного рогатого скота, что открывает новые возможности для повышения продуктивности и качества молочной продукции. Настоящая работа посвящена исследованию генетической детерминации технологических свойств молока коров – термостабильности и сычужной свертываемости.

Цель исследования – проведение полногеномного анализа ассоциаций (GWA-анализ) для выявления позиционных генов-кандидатов, детерминирующих формирование технологических показателей молока коров, с последующей функциональной аннотацией для глубокого понимания механизмов действия генов и их вклада в формирование фенотипа. В результате GWA-анализа было идентифицировано 17 SNP, достоверно связанных с термостабильностью молока и расположенных на хромосомах BTA3, BTA6, BTA8, BTA23, BTA24, BTA27, BTA28 и BTA29. Также было выявлено 34 SNP, ассоциированных с сычужной свертываемостью молока, локализованных на хромосомах BTA1, BTA2, BTA3, BTA5, BTA6, BTA9, BTA10, BTA12, BTA14, BTA15, BTA16, BTA18, BTA20, BTA23, BTA24, BTA26 и BTA27.Функциональная аннотация выявила 144 гена, сгруппированных в 43 узла и 9 кластеров. Среди всех девяти кластеров в четырех из них были задействованы гены, ответственные за термостабильность (CNOT7) и сычужную свертываемость молока (HHAT, NEDD9, ZNF423). Функциональная аннотация 11 выявленных генов-кандидатов (HHAT, PDE3B, AK8, AK2, CNOT7, XRN2, NOP14, NEDD9, SMAD3, ZNF423, EBF1) с использованием базы данных DAVID позволила установить их вовлеченность в такие биологические процессы, как пальмитоилирование белка, регуляция клеточной активности, биосинтез нуклеотидов и регуляция трансляции. Выявлены ассоциации между отдельными генами (HHAT, AK8, EBF1) и QTL, влияющими на молочную продуктивность и качественный состав молока. Результаты исследования внесут вклад в понимание генетической архитектуры технологических свойств молока и могут быть использованы в геномной селекции для улучшения качества молочной продукции.

In recent years, there has been a significant development of technologies in the field of genetics and breeding of cattle, which opens new opportunities for increasing productivity and quality of dairy products. The present work is devoted to the study of genetic determination of technological properties of cow milk, namely, thermostability and rennet coagulation.

The aim of the study was to perform a genome-wide association analysis (GWA) to identify positional candidate genes determining the formation of cow milk technological traits, followed by functional annotation for a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of gene action and their contribution to phenotype formation. As the result of GWA analysis there were identified 17 SNPs significantly associated with milk thermal stability located on chromosomes BTA3, BTA6, BTA8, BTA23, BTA24, BTA27, BTA28 and BTA29. There were also identified 34 SNPs associated with milk rennet coagulation localized on chromosomes BTA1, BTA2, BTA3, BTA5, BTA6, BTA9, BTA10, BTA12, BTA14, BTA15, BTA16, BTA18, BTA20, BTA23, BTA24, BTA26 and BTA27.Functional annotation revealed 144 genes grouped into 43 nodes and nine clusters. Among all nine clusters, four of them involved genes responsible for thermostability (CNOT7) and rennet milk coagulation (HHAT, NEDD9, ZNF423). Functional annotation of 11 identified candidate genes (HHAT, PDE3B, AK8, AK2, CNOT7, XRN2, NOP14, NEDD9, SMAD3, ZNF423, EBF1) using the DAVID database identified their involvement in biological processes such as protein palmitoylation, regulation of cellular activity, nucleotide biosynthesis and translation regulation. Associations between individual genes (HHAT, AK8, EBF1) and QTLs affecting milk productivity and milk quality composition were also identified. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of the genetic architecture of technological properties of milk and can be used in genomic selection to improve the quality of dairy products.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.