agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2025.26.6.1365-1374agronauka-2293Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ: ЗООТЕХНИЯОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: ZOOTECHNYВлияние температуры окружающей среды на продуктивные качества и биологические особенности бычков черно-пестрой породы в ранний период постнатального онтогенезаThe influence of ambient temperature on the productive traits and biological peculiarities of Black-and-White bulls in the early period of postnatal ontogenesishttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2033-3956ЗавьяловО. А.ZavyalovO. A.

Завьялов Олег Александрович, доктор биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела технологии мясного скотоводства и производства говядины

ул. 9 Января, 29, г. Оренбург, Оренбургская обл., 460000

Oleg A. Zavyalov, DSc in Biological Science, leading researcher, the Department of Technology of Beef Cattle Breeding and Beef Production

9 Yanvarya St., 29, Orenburg, Orenburg region, 460000

oleg-zavyalov83@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-2554ФроловА. Н.FrolovA. N.

Фролов Алексей Николаевич, доктор биол. наук, зав. отделом технологии мясного скотоводства и производства говядины 

ул. 9 Января, 29, г. Оренбург, Оренбургская обл., 460000

Alexеу N. Frolov, DSc in Biological Science, Head of the Department of Technology of Beef Cattle Breeding and Beef Production

9 Yanvarya St., 29, Orenburg, Orenburg region, 460000

fncbst@mail.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр биологических систем и агротехнологий Российской академии наук»РоссияFederal Research Center for Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20250901202626613651374Copyright © Завьялов О.А., Фролов А.Н., 20252025Завьялов О.А., Фролов А.Н.Zavyalov O.A., Frolov A.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2293

Цель исследования – выявление зависимости между температурой окружающей среды и продуктивностью, минеральным и антиоксидантным статусом бычков в ранний период постнатального онтогенеза. Исследования проводили в Оренбургской области на бычках черно-пестрой породы, которые в зависимости от сезона рождения были разделены на три группы: I – зимний сезон рождения (декабрьский отел); II – весенний сезон рождения (мартовский отел); III – летний сезон рождения (июньский отел). Кормление и содержание было аналогичным для животных всех изучаемых групп на протяжении всего периода эксперимента. Установлено, что, начиная с 3-месячного возраста, бычки II группы превосходили сверстников из I и III групп по живой массе и величине среднесуточного прироста. Интенсивный рост бычков сопровождался увеличением содержания в крови глюкозы, общего белка, альбуминов, холестерина, эритроцитов и гемоглобина. Животные II группы характеризовались повышенной активностью супероксиддисмутазы и каталазы на фоне относительно низкой концентрации малонового диальдегида. Высокая температура окружающей среды способствовала повышению концентраций в волосе бычков летнего сезона рождения Hg, V, Cr, Pb, As и снижению Mg, P, K, Ca, Sr, Na, B, Mn, I по сравнению с бычками весеннего сезона рождения. Бычки зимнего сезона рождения имели промежуточные показатели по концентрации химических элементов между указанными группами.

The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between ambient temperature and the productivity, mineral, and antioxidant status of bull calves during the early period of postnatal ontogenesis. The research was conducted in the Orenburg region on Black-and-White bull calves which were divided into three groups according to the season of their birth: Group I – winter calving season (December calving), Group II – spring calving season (March calving), Group III – summer calving season (June calving). Feeding and keeping were similar for all animals in the studied groups throughout the experimental period. It was found that, starting from 3 months of age, the bull calves in Group II surpassed their peers from Groups I and III in terms of live weight and average daily gain. The intensive growth of the bull calves was accompanied by an increase in the blood concentrations of glucose, total protein, albumins, cholesterol, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin. The animals in Group II were characterized by increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase against a background of a relatively low concentration of malondialdehyde. High ambient temperature contributed to increased concentrations of Hg, V, Cr, Pb, and As and decreased concentrations of Mg, P, K, Ca, Sr, Na, B, Mn, and I in the hair of bull calves from the summer calving season compared to those from the spring calving season. Bull calves from the winter calving season had intermediate concentrations of chemical elements between the mentioned groups.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.