agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2026.27.1.41-52agronauka-2379Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEWОсобенности метаболизма желчных кислот у рыб и их биологическое значение (обзор)Features of bile acid metabolism in fish and their biological significance (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5582-5155ПрусаковА. В.PrusakovA. V.

Прусаков Алексей Викторович, доктор вет. наук, заведующий кафедрой внутренних болезней животных 

ул. Черниговская, д. 5, Санкт-Петербург, 196084

Alexey V. Prusakov, DSc in Veterinary Science, Head of the Department of Animal Internal Medicine 

Chernigovskaya St., 5, Saint Petersburg, 196084

nir@spbguvm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4059-526XГолодяеваМ. С.GolodyaevaM. S.

Голодяева Мария Сергеевна, кандидат вет. наук, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней животных

ул. Черниговская, д. 5, Санкт-Петербург, 196084

Maria S. Golodyaeva, PhD in Veterinary Science, associate professor, the Department of Animal Internal Medicine 

Chernigovskaya St., 5, Saint Petersburg, 196084

nir@spbguvm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6852-3110ПонамарёвВ. С.PonamarevV. S.

Понамарёв Владимир Сергеевич, кандидат вет. наук, доцент кафедры фармакологии и токсикологии 

ул. Черниговская, д. 5, Санкт-Петербург, 196084

Vladimir S. Ponamarev, PhD in Veterinary Science, associate professor, the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology 

Chernigovskaya St., 5, Saint Petersburg, 196084

psevdopyos@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет ветеринарной медицины»РоссияSaint Petersburg State University of Veterinary MedicineRussian Federation2026060320262714152Copyright © Прусаков А.В., Голодяева М.С., Понамарёв В.С., 20262026Прусаков А.В., Голодяева М.С., Понамарёв В.С.Prusakov A.V., Golodyaeva M.S., Ponamarev V.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2379

Желчные кислоты у рыб, как и у других позвоночных, представляют собой сложную метаболическую систему, состав которой зависит от вида, возраста, кормовой базы и условий среды обитания. Их соотношение тесно связано с энтерогепатической циркуляцией – непрерывным циклом синтеза, транспорта, использования и реабсорбции желчных кислот, обеспечивающим поддержание их оптимальной концентрации в организме. В этот процесс вовлечены печень, желчные протоки, желчный пузырь и кишечник. Нарушения энтерогепатической циркуляции, обусловленные снижением синтеза или реабсорбции желчных кислот, могут приводить к патологиям желудочно-кишечного тракта рыб, проявляющимся расстройствами пищеварения и воспалительными процессами, что особенно актуально в условиях интенсивного рыбоводства. Цель данной работы – анализ научных публикаций, посвящённых метаболизму желчных кислот у рыб и их биологическому значению, выполненный в соответствии с методологическими рекомендациями Х. Снайдера по подготовке обзорных статей. Анализ литературы показал, что рыбы характеризуются значительно большим разнообразием желчных кислот по сравнению с другими позвоночными. Их метаболизм включает синтез первичных желчных кислот из холестерина в печени, их конъюгацию, участие в эмульгировании жиров в кишечнике и последующую реабсорбцию. Часть желчных кислот подвергается микробной трансформации в кишечнике с образованием вторичных и третичных форм, роль которых до конца не изучена. Глубокое понимание метаболизма желчных кислот у рыб имеет ключевое значение для профилактики заболеваний, повышения эффективности выращивания, изучения адаптационных и эволюционных механизмов у различных видов рыб.

Bile acids in fish, as in other vertebrates, represent a complex metabolic system the composition of which depends on species, age, diet, and environmental conditions. Their ratio is closely associated with enterohepatic circulation—a continuous cycle of bile acid synthesis, transport, utilization, and reabsorption that maintains their optimal concentration in the body. This process involves the liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, and intestine. Disruptions of enterohepatic circulation caused by impaired bile acid synthesis or reduced intestinal reabsorption may lead to gastrointestinal pathologies in fish manifested by digestive disorders and inflammatory processes, which is especially relevant under intensive aquaculture conditions. The aim of the research was to analyze scientific publications focused on bile acid metabolism in fish and their biological significance, following the methodological recommendations for writing review articles proposed by H. Snyder. The literature analysis revealed that fish exhibit a significantly greater diversity of bile acids compared to other vertebrates. Their metabolism includes the synthesis of primary bile acids from cholesterol in the liver, their subsequent conjugation, participation in lipid emulsification in the intestine, and reabsorption. A portion of bile acids undergoes microbial transformation in the intestine, resulting in the formation of secondary and tertiary bile acids, whose roles are not yet fully understood. A comprehensive understanding of bile acid metabolism in fish is essential for the development of effective strategies for disease prevention, improvement of aquaculture efficiency, and the study of adaptive and evolutionary mechanisms in different fish species.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.