agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2026.27.1.140-153agronauka-2388Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ: ЗООТЕХНИЯОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: ZOOTECHNYОпределение породоспецифичных SNP для генетической оценки дифференциации коммерческих пород свинейIdentification of breed-specific SNPs for genetic assessment of differentiation of commercial pig breedshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0690-4217РоманецТ. С.RomanetsT. S.

Романец Тимофей Сергеевич, кандидат с.-х. наук, доцент кафедры, разведения сельскохозяйственных животных, частной зоотехнии и зоогигиены имени академика П. Е. Ладана 

ул. Кривошлыкова, 24, п. Персиановский, 346493 

Timofey S. Romanets, PhD in Agricultural Science, assistant professor, the Department of Farm Animal Breeding, Private Zootechnics and Zoogygiene named after academician P. E. Ladan 

st. Krivoshlykova, 24, Persianovsky, 346493

timofey9258@mail.ruБакоевС. Ю.BakoevS. Y.

Бакоев Сирождин Юсуфович, кандидат с.-х. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник 

ул. Ленина, д. 13, п. Лесные Поляны, г. Пушкино, Московская область, 141212

Sirozhdin Y. Bakoev, PhD in Agricultural Science, leading researcher 

str. Lenin, 13, Lesnye Polyany, Pushkino, Moscow Region, 141212

vniiplem@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2824-9564РоманецЕ. А.RomanetsE. A.

Романец Елена Андреевна, младший научный сотрудник 

ул. Кривошлыкова, 24, п. Персиановский, 346493

Elena A. Romanets, junior researcher 

st. Krivoshlykova, 24, Persianovsky, 346493

dongau@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-7108КолосоваМ. А.KolosovaM. A.

Колосова Мария Анатольевна, кандидат с.-х. наук, доцент кафедры разведения сельскохозяйственных животных, частной зоотехнии и зоогигиены имени академика П. Е. Ладана 

ул. Кривошлыкова, 24, п. Персиановский, 346493

Maria A. Kolosova, PhD in Agricultural Science, assistant professor, the Department of Farm Animal Breeding, Private Zootechnics and Zoogygiene named after academician P.E. Ladan 

st. Krivoshlykova, 24, Persianovsky, 346493

dongau@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-5369-6555ЛуконинаО. Н.LukoninaO. N.

Луконина Ольга Николаевна, и.о. директора 

ул. Ленина, д. 13, п. Лесные Поляны, г. Пушкино, Московская область, 141212

Olga N. Lukonina, acting director 

str. Lenin, 13, Lesnye Polyany, Pushkino, Moscow Region, 141212

vniiplem@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-4475-4205БашмаковаН. В.BashmakovaN. V.

Башмакова Наталия Владимировна, научный сотрудник 

ул. Ленина, д. 13, п. Лесные Поляны, г. Пушкино, Московская область, 141212

Natalia V. Bashmakova, researcher 

str. Lenin, 13, Lesnye Polyany, Pushkino, Moscow Region, 141212

vniiplem@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-9199-6270АхмедлиВ. Ф.AkhmedliV. F.

Ахмедли Вагиф Фадаинович, младший научный сотрудник 

ул. Ленина, д. 13, п. Лесные Поляны, г. Пушкино, Московская область, 141212

Vagif F. Akhmedli, junior researcher 

str. Lenin, 13, Lesnye Polyany, Pushkino, Moscow Region, 141212

vniiplem@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1868-3148ГетманцеваЛ. В.GetmantsevaL. V.

Гетманцева Любовь Владимировна, доктор биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник 

ул. Ленина, д. 13, п. Лесные Поляны, г. Пушкино, Московская область, 141212

Lyubov V. Getmantseva, DSc in Biological Science, leading researcher 

str. Lenin, 13, Lesnye Polyany, Pushkino, Moscow Region, 141212

vniiplem@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Донской государственный аграрный университет»РоссияDon State Agrarian UniversityRussian FederationФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт племенного дела»РоссияAll Russian Research Institute of Animal BreedingRussian Federation202606032026271140153Copyright © Романец Т.С., Бакоев С.Ю., Романец Е.А., Колосова М.А., Луконина О.Н., Башмакова Н.В., Ахмедли В.Ф., Гетманцева Л.В., 20262026Романец Т.С., Бакоев С.Ю., Романец Е.А., Колосова М.А., Луконина О.Н., Башмакова Н.В., Ахмедли В.Ф., Гетманцева Л.В.Romanets T.S., Bakoev S.Y., Romanets E.A., Kolosova M.A., Lukonina O.N., Bashmakova N.V., Akhmedli V.F., Getmantseva L.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2388

Выявление специфических генетических маркеров, определяющих межпородные различия и «подписи селекции» в коммерческих породах свиней, позволит разработать более эффективные стратегии направленной селекции и улучшения генетического потенциала животных. Цель исследований – анализ полногеномных данных пяти коммерческих пород свиней с использованием метода индексной фиксации (FST) для выявления маркеров, характеризующих межпородную дифференциацию, а также оценка внутрипородной стратификации, обусловленной селекционным отбором. Особое внимание уделено выявлению потенциальных «подписей селекции», специфичных для каждой из пород. Проведена оценка генетической дифференциации между коммерческими породами свиней (дюрок, беркшир, пьетрен, гемпшир, ландрас) с использованием FST, рассчитанного на основе данных полногеномного генотипирования по однонуклеотидным полиморфизмам (SNP). Установлен умеренный уровень межпородных различий с наибольшими значениями FST для пар дюрок – беркшир (0,19), дюрок – пьетрен (0,18) и дюрок – ландрас (0,17); наименьшие различия отмечены между парой пьетрен – ландрас (0,14). Анализ распределения FST по геному позволил выделить высокодифференцированные SNP (выше 99-го квантиля), число которых варьировало от 126 до 167. Наибольшее их скопление зафиксировано на хромосомах SSC1, SSC13, SSC4 и SSC6, что указывает на наличие селективных «горячих точек», вероятно вовлечённых в регуляцию продуктивных и адаптивных признаков. Установлен ряд SNP, демонстрирующих повторяемость в нескольких межпородных сравнениях, что подчёркивает их породную специфичность и потенциальную функциональную значимость. Функциональная аннотация показала, что эти SNP локализованы в пределах генов, включая PCDHB7 и PPP2R2B, характеризующихся тканеспецифичной экспрессией в мышечной и жировой тканях, и вовлечённых в регуляцию метаболических процессов. Особый интерес представляет SNP ASGA0079413 в области гена TFEC, обнаруженный у породы ландрас. Учитывая его роль в дифференцировке пигментных клеток, предполагается его участие в формировании белой масти и в иммунных, и метаболических функциях.

Identification of specific genetic markers that determine interbreed differences and “selection signatures” in commercial pig breeds will allow for the development of more effective strategies for targeted breeding and improvement of animal genetic potential. The aim of this study is to analyze the whole-genome data of five commercial pig breeds using the FST method to identify markers that characterize interbreed differentiation, as well as to assess the intra-breed stratification caused by selective breeding. Special attention is given to identifying potential “selection signatures” that are specific to each breed. This study assessed the genetic differentiation among commercial pig breeds (duroc, berkshire, pietrain, hampshire, landrace) using the fixation index (FST), calculated based on genome-wide genotyping data for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A moderate level of interbreed divergence was observed, with the highest pairwise FST values recorded for duroc – berkshire (0.19), duroc – pietrain (0.18), and duroc – landrace (0.17), while the lowest differentiation was noted between pietrain and landrace (0.14). Genome-wide FST distribution analysis enabled the identification of highly differentiated SNPs (above the 99th percentile), with their number ranging from 126 to 167 across comparisons. The greatest concentration of these SNPs was observed on chromosomes SSC1, SSC13, SSC4, and SSC6, indicating the presence of selective «hotspots» likely involved in the regulation of productivity – and adaptation-related traits. Several SNPs were consistently detected across multiple breed comparisons, highlighting their breed specificity and potential functional relevance. Functional annotation has revealed that these SNPs are located within genes, including PCDHB7 and PPP2R2B, which are characterized by tissue-specific expression in muscle and adipose tissues, and are implicated in the regulation of metabolic processes. Of particular interest is a SNP ASGA0079413 located within the TFEC gene, identified in Landrace pigs. Given its membership and its known role in pigment cell differentiation, this gene may contribute to the formation of white coat color, as well as to immune and metabolic functions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.