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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2026.27.1.164-177</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-2390</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ: ЗООТЕХНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: ZOOTECHNY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Причины выбытия коров в зависимости от уровня гомозиготности и геномного инбридинга отцов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reasons for the culling of cows depending on the level of homozygosity and genomic inbreeding of fathers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0487-4576</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недашковский</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedashkovsky</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Недашковский Игорь Сергеевич, кандидат биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник, зав. отделом национального каталога Национального центра генетических ресурсов с.-х. животных </p><p>пос. Дубровицы, д. 60, г. о. Подольск, Московская область, 142132</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor S. Nedashkovsky, PhD in Biological Science, senior researcher, Head of the National Catalog Department of the National Center for Genetic Resources of Farm Animals </p><p>Dubrovitsy village, 60, Podolsk City District, Moscow Region, 142132</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nedashkovsky_is@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-0883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Контэ</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konte</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Контэ Александр Федорович, кандидат с.-х. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела популяционной генетики и генетических основ разведения животных </p><p>пос. Дубровицы, д. 60, г.о. Подольск, Московская область, 142132</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr F. Konte, PhD in Agricultural Science, senior researcher, the Department of Population Genetics and Genetic Bases of Animal Breeding </p><p>Dubrovitsy village, 60, Podolsk City District, Moscow Region, 142132</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vijinfo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-6014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сермягин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sermyagin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сермягин Александр Александрович, кандидат с.-х. наук, директор </p><p>д. 55а, Московское шоссе, г. Пушкин, г. Санкт-Петербург, 196601</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Sermyagin, PhD in Agricultural Science, director </p><p>Moskovskoe Shosse, 55a, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196601</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spbvniigen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3977-8552</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кольцов</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koltsov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кольцов Дмитрий Николаевич, доктор биол. наук, директор, обособленное подразделение Смоленский НИИСХ </p><p>д. 21, ул. Нахимова, г. Смоленск, 214025</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry N. Koltsov, DSc in Biology, director, the separate division Smolensk Research Institute of Agriculture </p><p>st. Nakhimova 21, Smolensk, 214025</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info.sml@fnclk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2080-0182</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волкова Валерия Владимировна, кандидат биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории ДНК-технологий в животноводстве </p><p>пос. Дубровицы, д. 60, г.о. Подольск, Московская область, 142132</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria V. Volkova, PhD in Biological Science, leading researcher, the Laboratory of DNA Technologies in Animal Husbandry </p><p>Dubrovitsy village, 60, Podolsk City District, Moscow Region, 142132</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vijinfo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. Ernst</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Федеральный научный центр лубяных культур</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>164</fpage><lpage>177</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Недашковский И.С., Контэ А.Ф., Сермягин А.А., Кольцов Д.Н., Волкова В.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Недашковский И.С., Контэ А.Ф., Сермягин А.А., Кольцов Д.Н., Волкова В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nedashkovsky I.S., Konte A.F., Sermyagin A.A., Koltsov D.N., Volkova V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2390">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2390</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучены причины выбытия коров в зависимости от уровня гомозиготности и геномного инбридинга быковотцов. Проведен анализ генетического материала 307 племенных быков голштинской и черно-пестрой пород с количеством дочерей 34280 голов. Для расчета уровня гомозиготности (Ca) использовали мультиплексную панель из 12 микросателлитных локусов: TGLA227, BM2113, TGLA53, ETH10, SPS115, TGLA122, INRA23, TGLA126, BM1818, ETH3, ETH225, BM1824 с непосредственным расчетом индивидуальной гомозиготности как отношения количества гомозиготных локусов к общему количеству анализируемых локусов с полными данными. Для геномного инбридинга (FROH) использовали биочип Illumina Bovine SNP50K v2 BeadChip плотностью 54609 SNP. Коэффициент FROH определяли как отношение суммы всех длин ROH в миллионах пар нуклеотидов (м.п.н.) в геноме быка-производителя к общему размеру генома в м.п.н. для 29 аутосом крупного рогатого скота, перекрываемых SNP, выраженному в процентах. Повышение уровня Са сопровождается увеличением показателей выбраковки животных из-за проблем с конечностями на 0,882%. К остальным наиболее значимым в процентном выражении причинам можно отнести: трудные роды и осложнения, увеличение на 0,263 %; остеомаляция – на 0,172 %; зообрак – на 1,818 %; прочие неинфекционные болезни – на 0,533 %; мастит – 0,384 %. С ростом уровня FROH увеличивается процент выбытия животных по таким причинам, как: болезни конечностей – на 2,019 %; трудные роды и осложнения – на 1,471 %; гинекологические болезни – на 0,964 %; болезни дыхательной системы – на 0,146 %; атрофия вымени – 0,696 %; бурсит – на 0,364 %; мастит – на 0,774 %; кетоз – на 0,044 %; зообрак – на 4,841 %; артрит – на 0,394 % и другие. Можно констатировать, что в группах инбредных животных зафиксировано повышение частоты выбытия на 0,011–4,840 %. Отмечено достоверное различие между группами по всем выборкам по критерию Бартлетта и g-критерию Кохрена на уровне значимости α = 0,05. Все расчетные значения Хи-квадрата Пирсона во всех группах были ниже критического уровня, при этом p-value превышал 0,05.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The causes of cow mortality were studied depending on the level of homozygosity and genomic inbreeding of sires. Genomic data from 307 Holstein and Black-and-White bulls with 34,280 daughters were used. To calculate the homozygosity level (Ca), a multiplex panel of 12 microsatellite loci was used: TGLA227, BM2113, TGLA53, ETH10, SPS115, TGLA122, INRA23, TGLA126, BM1818, ETH3, ETH225, BM1824 with direct calculation of individual homozygosity as the ratio of the number of homozygous loci to the total number of analyzed loci with complete data. For genomic inbreeding (FROH), the Illumina Bovine SNP50K v2 BeadChip with a density of 54,609 SNPs was used, FROH was calculated as the ratio of the sum of all ROH lengths in millions of nucleotide pairs (mb) in the sire genome to the total genome size in mb for 29 bovine autosomes overlapping the SNPs, expressed as a percentage. With increasing Ca, the mortality rate of cows due to limb diseases increases by 0.882 %. Other most significant causes in percentage terms include: difficult births and complications, an increase of 0.263 %, osteomalacia by 0.172 %, zoobrak by 1.818 %, other non-infectious diseases by 0.533 %, mastitis 0.384 %. With the increase of FROH, the percentage of animals leaving for the following reasons increases: limb diseases by 2.019 %, difficult labor and complications by 1.471 %, gynecological diseases by 0.964 %, respiratory diseases by 0.146 %, udder atrophy 0.696 %, bursitis 0.364 %, mastitis 0.774 %, ketosis by 0.044 %, zoobrak by 4.841 %, arthritis by 0.394 %, and other reasons. It can be stated that the frequency of leaving in groups of inbred animals increased by 0.011–4.840. A reliable difference was noted between the groups for all samples according to the Bartlett criterion and Cochran's g-test at a significance level of α = 0.05. All calculated Pearson Chi-square values in all groups were less than critical, and the p-value was more than 0.05.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>голштинский скот</kwd><kwd>выбраковка</kwd><kwd>паттерны гомозиготности</kwd><kwd>Fx</kwd><kwd>Са</kwd><kwd>FROH</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Holstein breed</kwd><kwd>culling</kwd><kwd>patterns of homozygosity</kwd><kwd>Fx</kwd><kwd>Са</kwd><kwd>FROH</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста» (№124020200029-4, FGGN-2024-0013).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment of Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. Ernst (No.124020200029-4, FGGN-2024-0013).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diniso S. Y., Ishmael F. J. Culling and mortality of dairy cows: why it happens and how it can be mitigated. F1000Research. 2021;10:1014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55519.2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diniso S. Y., Ishmael F. J. Culling and mortality of dairy cows: why it happens and how it can be mitigated. F1000Research. 2021;10:1014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55519.2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тихомиров И. А., Скоркин В. К., Аксенова В. П., Андрюхина О. Л. Продуктивное долголетие коров и анализ причин их выбытия. 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