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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2026.27.1.178-189</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-2391</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ: ЗООТЕХНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: ZOOTECHNY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка рисков проявления недостатков экстерьера вымени у коров айрширской породы с применением метода BLUP AM</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk assessment of udder exterior defects in Ayrshire cows using the BLUP AM method</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5704-4420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тулинова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tulinova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тулинова Ольга Васильевна, кандидат с.-х. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории популяционной генетики и разведения животных </p><p>Московское шоссе, д. 55а, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Тярлево, 196625</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Tulinova, PhD in Agricultural Science, leading researcher, the Laboratory of Population Genetics and Animal Breeding </p><p>Moskovskoe Shosse, 55a, St. Petersburg, Tyarlevo, 196625</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spbvniigen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4225-5533</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романова Елена Анатольевна, научный сотрудник лаборатории популяционной генетики и разведения животных </p><p>Московское шоссе, д. 55а, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Тярлево, 196625</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Romanova, researcher, the Laboratory of Population Genetics and Animal Breeding </p><p>Moskovskoe shosse, 55a, St. Petersburg, Tyarlevo, 196625</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spbvniigen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Березина Валентина Викторовна, главный зоотехник отдела воспроизводства и сервисного обслуживания </p><p>ул. Земская, д. 38, п. Захарищевы, г. Киров, Кировская обл., 610051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina V. Berezina, chief zootechnician, the Department of Reproduction and Service </p><p>Zemskaya st., 38, Zakharischevy village, Kirov, Kirov region, 610051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirovplem@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2384-7001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Токарев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tokarev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Токарев Александр Ильич, аспирант лаборатории популяционной генетики и разведения животных </p><p>Московское шоссе, д. 55а, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Тярлево, 196625</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Tokarev, postgraduate student, the Laboratory of Population Genetics and Animal Breeding </p><p>Moskovskoe shosse, 55a, St. Petersburg, Tyarlevo, 196625</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spbvniigen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1799-6014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сермягин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sermyagin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сермягин Александр Александрович, кандидат с.-х. наук, директор </p><p>Московское шоссе, д. 55а, г. Санкт-Петербург, пос. Тярлево, 196625 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Sermyagin, PhD in Agricultural Science, Director </p><p>Moskovskoe shosse, 55a, St. Petersburg, Tyarlevo, 196625</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spbvniigen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных – филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ имени академика Л. К. Эрнста»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Кировплем»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kirov Join Stock Company for breeding work (“Kirovplem”)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>178</fpage><lpage>189</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тулинова О.В., Романова Е.А., Березина В.В., Токарев А.И., Сермягин А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тулинова О.В., Романова Е.А., Березина В.В., Токарев А.И., Сермягин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tulinova O.V., Romanova E.A., Berezina V.V., Tokarev A.I., Sermyagin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2391">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2391</self-uri><abstract><p>Своевременная оценка экстерьера животных позволяет отбирать наиболее перспективные особи для разведения. Цель исследования – выявить недостатки экстерьера вымени коров айрширской породы молочного скота, оцененных методом BLUP AM. Материалами для исследования послужили данные индивидуальной экстерьерной оценки 3525 коров первого отела – дочерей 201 быка-производителя из 29 хозяйств различных областей РФ в период с 2006 по 2024 г. В целом по исследуемой выборке животных наибольшая вероятность проявления недостатков экстерьера (P) отмечена для признаков «дополнительные соски» (20,1 %), «косое дно вымени» (13,8 %), «асимметрия долей вымени» (3,9 %), «сближенность задних сосков» (3,6 %) и «малый объем вымени» (2,5 %). Проведенная процедура решения смешанных уравнений BLUP AM на исследуемой выборке животных показала узуальную достоверность (Rel) полученных линейных оценок с варьированием от 0,269 (расположение задних сосков) до 0,486 (глубина вымени) и у признаков недостатка экстерьера – от 0,172 (истечение молока) до 0,905 (атрофия долей вымени), что указывает на высокую генетическую обусловленность проявления признака в фенотипе. В процессе проведенной оценки животных установлено, что частота встречаемости атрофии долей вымени достоверно (p≤0,001) ниже в группах коров с положительными (≥0) оценками EBV по прикреплению передних долей вымени на 1,16 %, высоте прикрепления задних долей вымени – на 0,80 %, расположению задних сосков – на 1,12 %, а у первотелок с оптимальными оценками по глубине вымени этот недостаток не встречался. Таким образом, ряд недостатков экстерьера, таких как атрофия долей вымени, косое дно вымени и сближенность задних сосков можно нивелировать с помощью отбора коров с хорошо прикрепленным глубоким выменем и выраженной центральной связкой, которые по сравнению с животными, имеющими отклонения по данным параметрам экстерьера, имеют меньшую вероятность их проявления.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Timely assessment of animal conformation allows for the selection of the most promising individuals for breeding. The aim of the study was to identify udder conformation deficiencies in Ayrshire dairy cows assessed using the BLUP AM method. The study was based on the data of individual exterior assessment of 3,525 first-calving cows, daughters of 201 sires from 29 farms in various regions of the Russian Federation in the period from 2006 to 2024. In general, for the studied sample of animals, the highest probability of deficiencies (P) was noted for traits “additional teats” P = 20.1 % and “unbalanced udder floor” P = 13.8 %, “asymmetry of udder lobes” P = 3.9 %, “close rear teats” P = 3.6 % and “small udder” P = 2.5 %. The procedure for solving mixed BLUP equations on the studied sample of animals by udder exterior features showed the usual reliability (Rel) of the obtained linear estimates, with a variation from Rel = 0.269 (rear teat placement) to Rel = 0.486 (udder depth) and for exterior defects from Rel = 0.172 (milk leakage) to Rel = 0.905 (atrophy of udder lobes), which indicates its high genetic determinacy of manifestation in the phenotype. In the process of the conducted assessment of animals it was found that the frequency of occurrence of "atrophy of udder lobes" is significantly (p≤0.001) lower in groups of cows with positive (≥0) EBV assessments for the attachment of the fore udder attachment by 1.16 %, the rear udder height by 0.80 %, the rear teat placement by 1.12 %, and in first-calf heifers with optimal assessments for the udder depth, this defect was not observed. Thus, a number of exterior defects, such as "atrophy udder lobes", "unbalanced udder floor" and "close rear teats" can be leveled by selecting cows with a well-attached deep udder and a pronounced central ligament, which, compared to animals with deviations in these exterior parameters, have a lower probability of their manifestation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>линейная оценка</kwd><kwd>корреляция</kwd><kwd>дополнительные соски</kwd><kwd>атрофия долей вымени</kwd><kwd>косое дно вымени</kwd><kwd>сближенные соски</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>linear assessment</kwd><kwd>correlation</kwd><kwd>additional teats</kwd><kwd>atrophy of udder lobes</kwd><kwd>unbalanced udder floor</kwd><kwd>close rear teats</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект №25-26-00164, https://rscf.ru/project/25-26-00164/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation No. 25-26- 00164, https://rscf.ru/project/25-26-00164/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X. 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