agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2026.27.2.272-288agronauka-2480Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEWХарактеристика генов и их экспрессия, ассоциированная с ростовыми показателями цыплят-бройлеров под действием различных кормовых добавок (обзор)Characteristics of genes and their expression associated with the growth rates of broiler chickens under the influence of various feed additives (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-5981СизоваЕ. А.SizovaE. A.

Сизова Елена Анатольевна, доктор биол. наук, профессор РАН, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе

ул. 9, Января д. 29, г. Оренбург, 460000

Elena A. Sizova, DSc in Biological Science, professor of RAS, Deputy Director for Research

9 Yanvarya Str., 29, Orenburg, 460000

fncbst@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8755-414XНечитайлоК. С.NechitailoK. S.

Нечитайло Ксения Сергеевна, кандидат биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник

ул. 9, Января д. 29, г. Оренбург, 460000

Ksenia S. Nechitailo, PhD in Biological Science, senior researcher

9 Yanvarya Str., 29, Orenburg, 460000

fncbst@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5134-0396РязанцеваК. В.RyazantsevaK. V.

Рязанцева Кристина Владимировна, кандидат биол. наук, научный сотрудник

ул. 9, Января д. 29, г. Оренбург, 460000

Kristina V. Ryazantseva, PhD in Biological Science, researcher

9 Yanvarya Str., 29, Orenburg, 460000

fncbst@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3086-681XШошинД. Е.ShoshinD. E.

Шошин Даниил Евгеньевич, младший научный сотрудник

ул. 9, Января д. 29, г. Оренбург, 460000

Daniil E. Shoshin, junior researcher

9 Yanvarya Str., 29, Orenburg, 460000

fncbst@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-6854-6016СемынинТ. А.SemyninT. A.

Семынин Тимофей Андреевич, лаборант-исследователь, аспирант

ул. 9, Января д. 29, г. Оренбург, 460000

Timofey A. Semynin, laboratory assistant, postgraduate

9 Yanvarya Str., 29, Orenburg, 460000

semynin_t@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-6807-4690БардаковаА. С.BardakovaA. S.

Бардакова Александра Сергеевна, лаборант-исследователь, магистрант

ул. 9, Января д. 29, г. Оренбург, 460000

Alexandra S. Bardakova, laboratory assistant, master student

9 Yanvarya Str., 29, Orenburg, 460000

fncbst@mail.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр биологических систем и агротехнологий Российской академии наук»РоссияFederal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202629042026272272288Copyright © Сизова Е.А., Нечитайло К.С., Рязанцева К.В., Шошин Д.Е., Семынин Т.А., Бардакова А.С., 20262026Сизова Е.А., Нечитайло К.С., Рязанцева К.В., Шошин Д.Е., Семынин Т.А., Бардакова А.С.Sizova E.A., Nechitailo K.S., Ryazantseva K.V., Shoshin D.E., Semynin T.A., Bardakova A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2480

Для производства мяса птицы необходимы высокопродуктивные кроссы, поэтому идентификация и степень проявления генов, вовлеченных в формирование продуктивных признаков цыплят-бройлеров, являются важным шагом на пути к увеличению выхода мяса и улучшению его качества. Изучение генов, отвечающих за ростовые показатели, позволит повысить скороспелость птицы и снизить затраты на корма и обслуживание. В данном обзоре проведён поиск и изучение ряда генов, участвующих в формировании мышечной и жировой ткани, а также генов, регулирующих транспорт нутриентов у цыплят-бройлеров, что, в свою очередь, является важной составляющей для производства достаточного количества мяса птицы. В ходе изучения литературных данных было выяснено, что за формирование мышечной ткани отвечает перечень генов, таких как GH, MYOG, MYOD, MSTN, IGF-1, FGF2, влияющих непосредственно на показатели роста у цыплят-бройлеров. За формирование жировой ткани отвечают гены – LEP, AdipoQ, FABP2, ACACA, PPARA, FASN. Транспорт нутриентов, необходимых для нормального роста тканей и организма в целом, контролирует группа генов – SLC2A1, SLC2A2, SLC2A3, SLC7A1, SLC7A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC7A7, SLC38A2. Проведенный анализ литературных данных показал, что использование кормовых добавок, имеющих в составе фитобиотики, пребиотики, пробиотики и синбиотики влияет на активность генов. Это способствует формированию мышечной массы, позволяет поддержать физиологическое состояние птицы, предотвратить развитие заболеваний, ускорить темпы роста и повысить продуктивность бройлеров.

Highly productive crosses are necessary for the production of poultry meat, therefore, the identification and degree of manifestation of the genes involved in the formation of productive traits of broiler chickens is an important step towards increasing meat yield and improving its quality. The study of the genes responsible for growth indicators will increase the bird precocity and reduce feed and maintenance costs. This review searches for and studies a number of genes involved in the formation of muscle and fat tissue, as well as genes regulating nutrient transport in broiler chickens, which, in turn, is an important component for the production of sufficient quantities of poultry meat. During the study of literature data, it was found out that such genes as GH, MYOG, MYOD, MSTN, IGF-1, FGF2 are responsible for muscle tissue formation, these are the main genes that directly affect growth performance in broiler chickens. For the formation of adipose tissue, such genes as LEP, AdipoQ, FABP2, ACACA, PPARA, FASN are responsible. A number of genes such as SLC2A1, SLC2A2, SLC2A2, SLC2A3, SLC7A1, SLC7A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC7A7, and SLC38A2 are responsible for the transport of nutrients required for normal growth of tissues and the body as a whole. Literature data analysis has shown that the use of feed additives with the addition of phytobiotics, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, affects the activity of genes. This contributes to the formation of muscle mass, lets support the physiological state of the bird, prevent the development of diseases, accelerate the growth rate and increase the productivity of broilers.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.