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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2026.27.2.308-318</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-2483</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ: РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: PLANT GROWING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние продолжительности яровизации in vitro на рост и продуктивность озимых злаков в условиях фитотроннотепличного комплекса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of in vitro vernalization duration on the growth and productivity of winter cereals in a phytotron-greenhouse complex</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8327-6763</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткаченко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ткаченко Оксана Викторовна, кандидат с.-х. наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой «Растениеводство, селекция и генетика»</p><p>просп. им. Петра Столыпина зд. 4, стр. 3, г. Саратов, 410012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana V. Tkachenko, PhD in Agricultural Science, associate professor, Head of the Department of Crop Production, Breeding and Genetics</p><p>Peter Stolypin Ave., 4/3, Saratov, 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oktkachenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-9827</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рязанцев</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryazantsev</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рязанцев Никита Валерьевич, кандидат с.-х. наук, директор Института генетики и агрономии</p><p>просп. им. Петра Столыпина зд. 4, стр. 3, г. Саратов, 410012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita V. Ryazantsev, PhD in Agricultural Science, Director, the Institute of Genetics and Agronomy</p><p>Peter Stolypin Ave., 4/3, Saratov, 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rector@vavilovsar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3847-4874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляева Анна Анатольевна, кандидат с.-х. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры «Растениеводство, селекция и генетика»</p><p>просп. им. Петра Столыпина зд. 4, стр. 3, г. Саратов, 410012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Belyaeva, PhD in Agricultural Science, associate professor, associate professor at the Department of Crop Production, Breeding and Genetics</p><p>Peter Stolypin Ave., 4/3, Saratov, 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rector@vavilovsar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7448-9987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костина Екатерина Евгеньевна, заведующая лабораторией кафедры «Растениеводство, селекция и генетика»</p><p>просп. им. Петра Столыпина зд. 4, стр. 3, г. Саратов, 410012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina E. Kostina, Head of the Laboratory, the Department of Plant Breeding, Breeding and Genetics</p><p>Peter Stolypin Ave., 4/3, Saratov, 410012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rector@vavilovsar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный университет генетики, биотехнологии и инженерии имени Н. И. Вавилова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>308</fpage><lpage>318</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ткаченко О.В., Рязанцев Н.В., Беляева А.А., Костина Е.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ткаченко О.В., Рязанцев Н.В., Беляева А.А., Костина Е.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tkachenko O.V., Ryazantsev N.V., Belyaeva A.A., Kostina E.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2483">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2483</self-uri><abstract><p>Фитотронно-тепличные комплексы активно применяются в селекции озимых культур. Сокращение периода яровизации растений, в том числе с привлечением культуры in vitro, позволит получать более одного поколения за календарный год. Цель исследования – изучить эффективность яровизации in vitro на 12 сортообразцах пшеницы и тритикале, в том числе двуручках, при круглогодичном выращивании растений в защищенном грунте. Продолжительность яровизации in vitro при t +4 оС составляла 20, 30, 40, 50 и 60 суток. Растения высаживали в гидропонную установку и выращивали в условиях длинного дня (22 часа). Переход к генеративной фазе роста после 20 суток in vitro-яровизации наступил только у тритикале-двуручек (60 % растений сорта Валентин 90 формировали продуктивные побеги), для остальных сортов и линий требовалось не менее 50 суток, для сортов Зубр (тритикале) и Скипетр (пшеница) – 60 суток. Период от получения эмбриокультуры, яровизации, выращивания в гидропонной установке растений до получения семенного потомства длился у большинства сортов озимой пшеницы и тритикаледвуручек от 118 до 152 суток, у озимой тритикале – от 150 до 170 суток. У всех сортов и линий общее количество побегов, формирующихся на растении, значительно снижалось при увеличении продолжительности яровизации и приобретении способности к формированию продуктивных побегов. Озерненность колосьев в вариантах, где растения успешно прошли яровизацию, у тритикале составила в среднем 45 зерен в колосе, у пшеницы – 26–40 зерен.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Phytotron-greenhouse complexes are widely used in breeding winter crops. Reducing the period of plant vernalization, including the use of in vitro culture will make it possible to obtain more than one generation over the year. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of in vitro vernalization of 12 wheat and triticale variety samples including facultatives, during year-round cultivation of plants in protected soil. The duration of in vitro vernalization at t +4 °C was 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days. The plants were set out in a hydroponic installation and grown under long-day conditions (22 hours). Only in facultative triticale could the transition to the generative growth phase occur in the variant with 20 days of in vitro vernalization: productive shoots were formed in 60 % of the ‘Valentin 90’ cultivar plants. At least 50 days of in vitro vernalization were required for most cultivars and lines, 60 days were necessary for the ‘Zubr’ (triticale) and ‘Skipetr’ (wheat) cultivars. The period from obtaining the embryo culture, vernalization, growing plants in a hydroponic installation to obtaining seed offspring lasted from 118 to 152 days for most cultivars of winter wheat and facultative triticale, and from 150 to 170 days for winter triticale. In all cultivars and lines, the total number of shoots formed on the plant significantly decreased with an increase in the duration of vernalization and the development of the capacity for productive shoot formation. The grain content of ears in the variants where the plants successfully underwent vernalization averaged 45 grains per ear for triticale and 26-40 grains per ear for wheat.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пшеница мягкая</kwd><kwd>тритикале</kwd><kwd>сорт двуручка</kwd><kwd>эмбриокультура</kwd><kwd>гидропонная установка</kwd><kwd>вегетационный период</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>soft wheat</kwd><kwd>triticale</kwd><kwd>facultative cultivar</kwd><kwd>embryo culture</kwd><kwd>hydroponic system</kwd><kwd>vegetation period</kwd><kwd>plant breeding</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в соответствии с Государственными планами научных исследований ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный университет генетики, биотехнологии и инженерии имени Н. И. Вавилова» (тема № FRES-2025-0005)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the State research plans of the Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov (theme No. FRES-2025-0005)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watson A., Ghosh S., Williams M. J., Cuddy W. S., Simmonds J., Rey M. D. et al. Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding. Nature plants. 2018;4(1):23–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-017-0083-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watson A., Ghosh S., Williams M. J., Cuddy W. S., Simmonds J., Rey M. D. et al. Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding. 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