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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2026.27.4.767-778</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-2595</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетический контроль устойчивости ячменя к головнёвым болезням (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic control of barley resistance to smut diseases (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0554-5814</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Харина Анастасия Владимировна, кандидат с.-х. наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Ленина, 166 а, г. Киров, 610007</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia V. Kharina, PhD in Agricultural Science, researcher</p><p>166-a Lenin str., Kirov, 610007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Khavchas@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-2269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дягилева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyagileva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дягилева Елена Васильевна, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Ленина, 166 а, г. Киров, 610007</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Dyagileva, graduate student, junior researcher</p><p>166-a Lenin str., Kirov, 610007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">priemnaya@fanc-sv.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока имени Н. В. Рудницкого»,</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока имени Н. В. Рудницкого»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>767–778</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харина А.В., Дягилева Е.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харина А.В., Дягилева Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharina A.V., Dyagileva E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2595">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2595</self-uri><abstract><p>Ячмень (Hordeum vulgare L.) является стратегически важной культурой для России, обеспечивая кормовую безопасность и валютные поступления. Одним из факторов, снижающих урожайность культуры, является поражение растений различными видами патогенов. Головня ячменя относится к числу самых опасных болезней этой культуры и широко распространена практически во всех земледельческих регионах России, особенно в Поволжcком, Сибирском и Центральном. Для создания новых сортов ячменя и вывода на рынок качественных семян ключевым шагом становится интеграция молекулярной генетики в классическую селекцию. Необходим поиск и картирование новых генов устойчивости к биотическим факторам и широкий скрининг существующих генетических коллекций и селекционного материала. В работе проведен анализ научных публикаций российских и иностранных исследователей преимущественно за последние 15 лет, посвященных применению молекулярно-генетических методов при создании устойчивых сортов ячменя к пыльной (Ustilago nuda), твердой (Ustilago hordei) и ложной пыльной (черной) (Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostr.) головне. Показаны возможности и опыт использования различных ПЦР-маркеров в маркер-вспомогательной селекции (MAS-селекции) устойчивых к болезни сортов. Представлен перечень известных в настоящее время генов, сортов-доноров и ДНК-маркеров, сцепленных с генами и локусами устойчивости ячменя к пыльной, твердой и ложной пыльной (черной) головне. Сформулированы перспективы, открывающиеся при внедрении молекулярных методов для современной селекции на устойчивость ячменя к головневым болезням.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a strategically important crop for Russia, providing food security and foreign exchange earnings. One of the factors that reduce crop yields is the damage of plants by various types of pathogens. Barley smut is one of the most dangerous diseases of this crop and is widespread in almost all agricultural regions of Russia, especially in the Volga region, Siberia and Central region. To create new cultivars of barley and bring high-quality seeds to the market, the integration of molecular genetics into classical breeding is a key step. It is necessary to search for and map new genes for resistance to biotic factors and to screen existing genetic collections and breeding material extensively. The paper analyzes scientific publications by Russian and foreign researchers devoted to the use of molecular-genetic methods in the creation of barley cultivars resistant to loose (Ustilago nuda), covered (Ustilago hordei) and false loose (black) (Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostr.) smut mainly over the past 15 years. The possibilities and experience of using various PCR markers in marker-assisted breeding (MAS breeding) of disease-resistant cultivars are shown. A list of currently known genes, donor varieties, and DNA markers linked to genes and loci of barley resistance to loose, covered, and false loose (black) smut is presented. The prospects that open up with the introduction of molecular methods for modern breeding for barley resistance to head diseases are formulated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Hordeum vulgare L.</kwd><kwd>Ustilago nuda</kwd><kwd>Ustilago hordei</kwd><kwd>Ustilago avenae</kwd><kwd>ДНК-маркеры</kwd><kwd>MAS</kwd><kwd>QTL</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hordeum vulgare L.</kwd><kwd>Ustilago nuda</kwd><kwd>Ustilago hordei</kwd><kwd>Ustilago avenae</kwd><kwd>DNA-markers</kwd><kwd>MAS</kwd><kwd>QTL</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока им. Н. В. Рудницкого» (тема № FNWE-2025-0001).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky (theme No. FNWE-2025-0001).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ерошенко Л. М., Ромахин М. М., Ерошенко Н. А., Дедушев И. А., Болдырев М. А., Ромахина В. В. История и перспективы селекции ярового ячменя в центральном районе Нечерноземной зоны. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал. 2023;11(137):25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23670/IRJ.2023.137.88 EDN: YYYPZA</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eroshenko L. M., Romakhin M. M., Eroshenko N. A., Dedushev I. A., Boldirev M. A., Romakhina V. V. 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