agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2026.27.4.779-794agronauka-2596Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSБиологические особенности Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (обзор)Biological features of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7360-927XШастинП. Н.ShastinP. N.

Шастин Павел Николаевич, кандидат вет. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики и контроля возбудителей наиболее клинически значимых инфекционных болезней животных

Рязанский проспект, 24/1, г. Москва, 109428

Pavel N. Shastin, PhD in Veterinary Science, senior researcher, the Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Control of Pathogens of the Most Clinically Significant Infectious Animal Diseases

24-1 Ryazansky avenue, Moscow, 109428

shastin.pasha@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-2274ЛаишевцевА. И.LaishevtsevA. I.

Лаишевцев Алексей Иванович, кандидат биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, и.о. заведующего лабо-раторией диагностики и контроля возбудителей наиболее клинически значимых инфекционных болезней животных

Рязанский проспект, 24/1, г. Москва, 109428

Aleksey I. Laishevtsev, PhD in Biological Science, leading researcher, Acting Head of the Laboratory for the Diag-nosis and Control of Pathogens of the Most Clinically Significant Infectious Animal Diseases

24-1 Ryazansky avenue, Moscow, 109428

admin@viev.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр – Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной ветеринарии им. К. И. Скрябина и Я. Р. Коваленко Российской академии наук»РоссияFederal Scientific Centre VIEVRussian Federation202631082026274779–794Copyright © Шастин П.Н., Лаишевцев А.И., 20262026Шастин П.Н., Лаишевцев А.И.Shastin P.N., Laishevtsev A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2596

Цель обзора – провести обобщение и анализ актуальных данных по заболеванию свиней актинобациллезной плевропневмонией для дальнейшего их использования при конструировании иммунобиологических препаратов и системы ветеринарно-санитарных мероприятий. В обзоре представлена история, таксономия бактерий Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, этиология, патогенез, механизмы вирулентности, факторы патогенности, меры профилактики. Актинобациллезная плевропневмония является важной актуальной инфекцией свиноводства. Уровень ее распространения остается достаточно высоким во всём мире. Данный факт обусловлен бессимптомным носительством возбудителя бóльшей частью поголовья различных предприятий, легкой передачей инфекции, антигенной изменчивостью, включая факторы вирулентности. Несмотря на значительное количество разработанных и внедренных иммунобиологических препаратов против актинтобациллезной плевропневмонии зарубежные и отечественные ученые продолжают искать подходы в борьбе и диагностике Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, разработке новых технологических решений для эрадикации возбудителя, что будет способствовать росту свиноводческой продукции. Немаловажным упущением является отсутствие национальной и межгосударственной программы по контролю, профилактике актинобациллезной плевропневмонии. Ограниченные данные о распространении и устойчивости к антибактериальным препаратам препятствуют разработке научно обоснованных стратегий профилактики и лечения. Данные об антибиотикочувствительности Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae могут различаться в зависимости от географической принадлежности серотипа и с течением времени.

The aim of the review is to generalize and analyze current data on the incidence of actinobacillus pleuropneumonia in pigs for their further use in the design of immunobiological preparations and a system of veterinary and sanitary measures. The review presents the history and taxonomy of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae bacteria, etiology, pathogenesis, mecha-nisms of virulence, pathogenicity factors, and preventive measures. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia is a significant current infection in pig breeding. The level of its spread remains quite high throughout the world. This fact is due to the asymptomat-ic carriage of the pathogen of more than half of the livestock in various enterprises, easy transmission of the infection, and its antigenic variability, including virulence factors. Despite the large number of developed and implemented immunobiological drugs against actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, foreign and domestic scientists continue to look for approaches in the control and diagnosis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and the development of new technological solutions for the eradication of the pathogen, which will contribute to the growth of pig production. An important omission is the lack of a national and inter-state program for the control and prevention of actinobacillus pleuropneumonia. Limited data on the spread and resistance to antibacterial drugs hinder the development of evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies. Data on the antibiotic sen-sitivity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae may vary depending on the geographical location of the serotype and over time.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.