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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2026.27.4.850-866</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-2602</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT GROWING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характеристика популяций Parastagonospora nodorum и Parastagonospora pseudonodorum на территории Российской Федерации по наличию генов-эффекторов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characterization of Parastagonospora nodorum and Parastagonospora pseudonodorum populations in the Russian Federation based on the presence of effector genes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9716-288X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zeleneva</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зеленева Юлия Витальевна, доктор биол. наук, доцент старший научный сотрудник  лаборатории микологии и фитопатологии</p><p>ш. Подбельского, д. 3, г. Санкт-Петербург-Пушкин,196608</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliуa V. Zeleneva, DSc in Biology, associate professor, senior researcher, the Laboratory of Mycology and Phyto-pathology</p><p>Podbelskogo shosse, 3, St. Petersburg, Pushkin, 196608</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zelenewa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3029-8621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесникова</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колесникова Татьяна Павловна, кандидат биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории защиты растений</p><p>ул. Политехническая, д. 86, г. Благовещенск, Амурская область, 675000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana P. Kolesnikova, PhD in Biology, leading researcher, the Laboratory of Plant Protection</p><p>86 Politekhnicheskaya Street, Blagoveshchensk, Amur Region, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@dalgau.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7989-4769</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терехин</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terexin</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Терехин Николай Михайлович, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории селекции зерновых культур</p><p>ул. Политехническая, д. 86, г. Благовещенск, Амурская область, 675000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolaj M. Terexin, Junior Researcher, the Laboratory of Grain Crop Breeding</p><p>86 Politekhnicheskaya Street, Blagoveshchensk, Amur Region, 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@dalgau.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5367-1340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Судникова</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sudnikova</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Судникова Валентина Павловна, кандидат с.-х. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунитета растений</p><p>ул. Мичурина, д.30, Тамбовская обл., г. Мичу-ринск, 393774</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina P. Sudnikova, PhD in Agricultural Science, senior researcher, the Laboratory of Plant Immunity</p><p>30 Michurin street, Michurinsk, Tambov region, 393774</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@fnc-mich.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1535-5754</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рябова Мария Валентиновна, магистрант 2-го года обучения Инженерно-технического института</p><p>ул. Интернациональная, д. 33, г. Тамбов, 392000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya V. Ryabova, 2nd-year Master's student, Institute of Engineering and Technology</p><p>33 Internatcionalnaya street, Tambov, 92000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">post@tsutmb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Дальневосточный государственный аграрный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern State Agrarian University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Дальневосточный государственный аграрный университет»,</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern State Agrarian University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр имени И. В. Мичурина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Тамбовский государственный университет имени Г. Р. Державина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Derzhavin Tambov State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>850</fpage><lpage>866</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зеленева Ю.В., Колесникова Т.П., Терехин Н.М., Судникова В.П., Рябова М.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зеленева Ю.В., Колесникова Т.П., Терехин Н.М., Судникова В.П., Рябова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zeleneva Y.V., Kolesnikova T.P., Terexin N.M., Sudnikova V.P., Ryabova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2602">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/2602</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – оценить популяции грибов Parastagonospora nodorum и P. pseudonodorum из Ленинградской, Тамбовской и Амурской областей РФ по наличию генов-эффекторов SnToxА, SnTox1, SnTox3, SnTox5 и SnTox267. Образцы листьев с симптомами септориоза отбирали в 2025 г. у различных сортов яровой пшеницы в фазу молочно-восковой спелости зерна. Исследования проводили с использованием световой микроскопии, ПЦР- и СТАВ-методов. Проведенный скрининг 165 изолятов P. nodorum и 19 изолятов P. pseudonodorum выявил значительные меж- и внутривидовые различия в распространении генов-эффекторов. Установлено, что SnTox3 имел наибольшее распространение в генотипах изолятов P. nodorum (53 %), тогда как распределение SnTox5 строго приурочено к географическому происхождению образцов (европейская часть России – до 100 %; Амурская область – 0 %). Изоляты P. pseudonodorum из Тамбовской области характеризовались присутствием генов SnToxA (79 %), SnTox3 (79 %) и SnTox5 (100 %), в то время как SnTox267 встречался реже (58 %), а SnTox1 – отсутствовал. В результате обобщения полученных данных пятилетнего мониторинга (2021–2025 гг.) популяций P. nodorum и P. pseudonodorum из различных регионов РФ выявлена высокая гетерогенность распределения генов некротрофных эффекторов SnToxA, SnTox1, SnTox3, SnTox267 и SnTox5. Установлена видовая и географическая дифференциация частот встречаемости генов, а также их динамика во времени. В работе впервые показаны результаты применения пары праймеров SnTox5_qPCR_F/ SnTox5_qPCR_R для тестирования генотипов российских популяций Parastagonospora spp. на наличие гена SnTox5. В результате начатой работы по изучению видового состава возбудителей септориоза пшеницы из Благовещенского района Амурской области установлен преобладающий вид в фитопатогенном комплексе – P. nodorum.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate populations of the fungi Parastagonospora nodorum and P. pseu-donodorum from the Leningrad, Tambov, and Amur regions of the Russian Federation for the presence of the effector genes SnToxA, SnTox1, SnTox3, SnTox5, and SnTox267. Leaf samples showing symptoms of septoria were collected in 2025 from various spring wheat cultivars at the milk-wax ripeness stage of grain. The investigations were carried out using light micros-copy, PCR, and CTAB methods. Screening of 165 P. nodorum isolates and 19 P. pseudonodorum isolates revealed significant inter- and intraspecific differences in the distribution of effector genes. It was established that SnTox3 had the highest preva-lence among P. nodorum genotypes (53 %), whereas the distribution of SnTox5 was strictly linked to the geographic origin of the samples (European part of Russia – up to 100 %; Amur region – 0 %). Isolates of P. pseudonodorum from the Tambov region were characterized by the presence of SnToxA (79 %), SnTox3 (79 %), and SnTox5 (100 %), while SnTox267 occurred less frequently (58 %), and SnTox1 was absent. Upon summarization of the data obtained from a five-year monitoring (2021–2025) of P. nodorum and P. pseudonodorum populations from different regions of the Russian Federation, a high het-erogeneity in the distribution of the necrotrophic effector genes SnToxA, SnTox1, SnTox3, SnTox267, and SnTox5 was revealed. Species-specific and geographic differentiation in gene occurrence frequencies, as well as their temporal dynamics, were established. The research presents for the first time the results of applying the primer pair SnTox5_qPCR_F/ SnTox5_qPCR_R for testing Russian populations of Parastagonospora spp. for the presence of the SnTox5 gene. As part of the initiated work on studying the species composition of wheat septoria pathogens from the Blagoveshchensk district of the Amur region, P. nodorum was identified as the predominant species in the phytopathogenic complex.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Stagonospora nodorum blotch</kwd><kwd>SnToxA</kwd><kwd>SnTox1</kwd><kwd>SnTox3</kwd><kwd>SnTox5</kwd><kwd>SnTox267</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетический анализ</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>пшеница</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Stagonospora nodorum blotch</kwd><kwd>SnToxA</kwd><kwd>SnTox1</kwd><kwd>SnTox3</kwd><kwd>SnTox5</kwd><kwd>SnTox267</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic analysis</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>wheat</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках государственных заданий ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений» (тема № FGEU-2025-0005); ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр имени И. В. Мичурина», Среднерусский филиал (тема № FGSU-2025-0008).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was carried out with the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignments of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (project No. FGEU-2025-0005); of the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center (Central Russian Branch), (project No. FGSU-2025-0008).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fones H., Gurr S. The impact of Septoria tritici blotch disease on wheat: An EU perspective. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 2015;79:3–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2015.04.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fones H., Gurr S. The impact of Septoria tritici blotch disease on wheat: An EU perspective. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 2015;79:3–7. 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