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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.2.169-182</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-521</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООТЕХНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнение методов оценки генетической дифференциации популяций по микросателлитным маркерам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparison of methods for evaluating genetic differentiation of populations by microsatellite markers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2219-805X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Василий Михайлович, доктор с.-х. наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией популяционной гене-тики в животноводстве</p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 166а, г. Киров, Российская Федерация, 610007</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy M. Kuznetsov, DSc in Agricultural Science, professor, Head of the Laboratory of Population Genetics in Animal Husbandry</p><p>Lenin str., 166a, Kirov, Russian Federation, 610007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vm-kuznetsov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока имени Н. В. Рудницкого»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>169</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузнецов В.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/521">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/521</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведены сравнительные исследования восьми методов оценки генетической дифференциации по микро-сателлитным (STR) маркерам (11 локусов) ДНК на примере семи породных выборок (N = 84) молочного скота. Диапазон показателей генетического разнообразия выборок был: числа аллелей на локус – 3,5-6,2, числа эффективных аллелей на локус – 2,4-4,3, индекса Шеннона – 0,95-1,56, наблюдаемой и ожидаемой гетерозиготности – 0,56-0,97 и 0,53-0,75. Сводные оценки генетической дифференциации методами группы А (FST, GST и GST(NEI)) составили 13,4, 10,3 и 11,8 % (pperm &lt; 0,001); различия между оценками были статистически незначимыми. Оценки методами группы В (G'ST(HED), G''ST(HED), DEST) составили 36,4, 37,5 и 29,2 % (pperm &lt; 0,001); различия между оценками также были статистически незначимыми. Оценки, полученные методами группы В, статистически значимо превышали оценки методами группы А почти в 3 раза. Методами групп А, В и С (GDN и uGDN) были рассчитаны парные по выборкам генетические дистанции. Несмотря на значительные различия в оценках, тест Мантеля показал высокую степень соответствия матриц генетических дистанций (RM ≥ 0,97; pperm &lt; 0,001), которая про-явилась в проекциях генетических отношений породных выборок на плоскости 1 и 2 главных координат. В совокупности две первые главные координаты объясняли 97-99 % STR-изменчивости в матрицах генетических дистанций. Можно полагать, что при оценке текущей дифференциации популяций по STR-маркерам следует использовать методы группы В. Из них – DEST-статистику, как не зависящую от уровня внутрипопуляционной гетерозиготности. При исследовании пространственной ординации генофондов популяций, по всей вероятности, правомерно использовать любой метод.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Comparative studies of eight methods for evaluation of genetic differences by microsatellite (STR) markers (11 loci) DNA were carried out using the example of seven breed samples (N = 84) of dairy cattle. The range of indicators of genetic diversity of samples was as follows: the number of alleles per locus 3.5-6.2, the number of effective alleles per locus – 2.4-4.3, the Shannon index – 0.95-1.56, the observed and expected heterozygosity – 0.56-0.97 and 0.53-0.75. Evaluation summary of genetic differentiation by group A methods (FST, GST, and GST(NEI)) were 13.4, 10.3, and 11.8% (pperm &lt; 0.001); the differences between the estimates were statistically insignificant. Estimates by group B methods (G'ST(HED), G''ST(HED), DEST) were 36.4, 37.5 and 29.2% (pperm &lt; 0.001); differences between the estimates were also statistically insignificant. Estimates obtained by group B methods were statistically significantly higher than those obtained by group A methods by almost 3 times. Methods of groups A, B, and C (GDN and uGDN) were used to calculate paired genetic distances in the samples. Despite significant dif-ferences in estimates, the Mantel test showed a high degree of correspondence of the genetic distance matrices (RM≥0.97; pperm &lt; 0.001), which was manifested in the projections of genetic relations of breed samples on plane 1 and 2 of the principal coordinates. The first two principal coordinates explained 97-99% of STR variation in the genetic distance matrices. It can be assumed that when assessing the actual differentiation of populations by STR-markers, the methods of group B should be used and among them the statistics of DEST as independent of the level of mean within-subpopulation heterozygosity. In the study of spatial ordination of gene pools of populations, in all probability, it is reasonably to use any method.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микросателлиты</kwd><kwd>разнообразие</kwd><kwd>генная дифференциация</kwd><kwd>генетическая дистанция</kwd><kwd>анализ главных координат</kwd><kwd>животноводство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microsatellites</kwd><kwd>diversity</kwd><kwd>genetic differentiation</kwd><kwd>genetic distance</kwd><kwd>principal сoordinate analysis</kwd><kwd>animal breeding</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галинская Т. В., Щепетов Д. М., Лысенков С. Н. Предубеждения о микросателлитных исследованиях и как им противостоять. Генетика. 2019;55(6):1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016675819060043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galinskaya T. V., Shchepetov D. M., Lysenkov S. N. 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