agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.4.387-396agronauka-577Research ArticleРАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВОPLANT GROWINGРеакция пигментного комплекса листьев клевера лугового на погодные условия и элементы минерального питанияReaction of pigment complex in meadow clover leaves to weather conditions and macronutrientshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1079-3513ЛысковаИ. В.LyskovaI. V.

Лыскова Ирина Владимировна, кандидат с.-х. наук, ст. научный сотрудник, Фалёнская селекционная станция

ул. Тимирязева, д.3, п. Фалёнки, Кировская область, 612500

Irina V. Lyskova, PhD in Agricultural science, senior researcher, Falenki Breeding Station

Timiryazev str., 3, v. Falenki, Kirov region, 612500

fss.nauka@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3125-3604ЛисицынЕ. М.LisitsynE. M.

Лисицын Евгений Михайлович, доктор биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, зав. отделом

ул. Ленина, д. 166а, г. Киров, 610007

Evgeniy M. Lisitsyn, DSc in Biology, leading researcher, Head of the Department

Lenin str., 166a, Kirov, 610007

edaphic@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9580-0021ЛысковаТ. В.LyskovaT. V.

Лыскова Татьяна Владимировна, младший научный сотрудник, Фалёнская селекционная станция

ул. Тимирязева, д. 3, п. Фалёнки, Кировская область, 612500

Tatiana V. Lyskova, junior researcher, Falenki Breeding Station

Timiryazev str., 3, v. Falenki, Kirov region, 612500

fss.nauka@mail.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока имени Н. В. Рудницкого»РоссияFederal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. RudnitskyRussian Federation202022082020214387396Copyright © Лыскова И.В., Лисицын Е.М., Лыскова Т.В., 20202020Лыскова И.В., Лисицын Е.М., Лыскова Т.В.Lyskova I.V., Lisitsyn E.M., Lyskova T.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/577

В полевых исследованиях 2018…2019 гг. оценивали влияние макроэлементов минерального питания и условий года на пигментный комплекс листьев клевера лугового (Trifolium pratense L.) сорта Дымковский. Опыт проводили в зернопаротравяном севообороте в условиях Кировской области. Пробы листьев (полностью развитые второй-третий лист сверху) отбирали в фазу цветения, в лабораторных условиях спектрофотометрически определяли содержание хлорофиллов и каротиноидов. Выявлено, что содержание пигментов в листьях клевера лугового в наибольшей степени зависело от погодных условий года выращивания. Концентрация зеленых пигментов (Chl а+b) в листьях клевера находилась в диапазоне 15,34…19,05 в условиях более теплого и сухого 2018 года и 11,47…14,10 мг/г сухой массы листа в более прохладном и влажном 2019 году. На Chl а приходилось 9,64…11,36 и 6,67…7,98 мг/г (2018 и 2019 гг. соответственно). Более холодные условия способствовали повышению доли Chl a, ассоциированного со светособирающими комплексами (с 69…78 до 89…96 %). Массовое содержание каротиноидов составило 2,69…3,12 и 1,52…1,88 мг/г в 2018 и 2019 гг. соответственно и коррелировало с содержанием суммарного хлорофилла (r = 0,53…0,82). Величины массового соотношения хлорофиллов a/b (1,54…1,75 в 2018 г. и 1,18…1,47 в 2019 г.) указывают на недостаток солнечной инсоляции в условиях взаимозатенения листьев сформировавшегося фитоценоза. Однако массовое соотношение суммы хлорофиллов и каротиноидов (5,7…6,7 в 2018 г. и 6,86…9,65 в 2019 г.) дает основание считать, что данный абиотический фактор не привел к нарушениям структуры фотосинтетического аппарата листьев. Погодные условия значительно модифицировали влияние удобрений на синтез пигментов: в 2018 году азотные удобрения снижали содержание хлорофиллов на 11…22 %, полное минеральное удобрение на кислом почвенном фоне приводило к снижению содержания пигментов на 6,7…11,7 %. В более прохладных условиях 2019 года азотные удобрения не влияли на содержание пигментов, полное минеральное удобрение повысило содержание Chl а на 14,1…17,8 %, каротиноидов – на 18,2…25,4 %. В условиях 2019 г. содержание Chl а значимо зависело от содержания азота в листьях (r = 0,52…0,92) и коррелировало с уровнем фосфора в почве: для Chl а – r = 0,74 и 0,54, для Chl b – r = 0,73 и 0,75 (кислый почвенный фон и фона с внесением извести соответственно).

In the field studies of 2018…2019, the influence of macronutrients and weather conditions on pigment complex of leaves of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Dymkovsky variety was assessed. The study was carried out in grainfallow-grass crop rotation in the conditions of Kirov region. Leaf samples (fully developed second or third leaf from above) were taken in the flowering phase, and the chlorophyll and carotenoids content were measured spectrophotometrically under laboratory conditions. It has been found that the content of pigments in the leaves of meadow clover depended mostly on weather conditions of the year of cultivation. The concentration of green pigments (Chl a+b) in clover leaves was in the range of 15.34...19.05 in the conditions of warmer and dry 2018 and 11.47...14.10 mg/g dry matter in colder and humid year of 2019. Chl a accounted for 9.64...11.36 and 6.67...7.98 mg/g (2018 and 2019, respectively). Colder conditions promoted an increase in the ratio of Chl a associated with light-harvesting complexes (from 69…78 up to 89…96 %). Weight content of carotenoids was 2.69...3.12 and 1.52…1.88 mg/g in 2018 and 2019, respectively, and correlated with the content of a total chlorophyll (r = 0.53…0.82). The weight ratio of chlorophylls a/b (1.54... 1.75 in 2018 and 1.18... 1.47 in 2019) indicates a lack of insolation in the conditions of mutually shading of leaves of the created phytocenosis. However, the weight ratio of the sum of chlorophylls to carotenoids (5.7... 6.7 in 2018 and 6.86... 9.65 in 2019) suggests that this abiotic factor has not led to disorders in the structure of the photosynthetic leaf apparatus. Weather conditions considerably modified influence of fertilizers on pigment synthesis: in 2018, nitrogen fertilizers reduced the content of chlorophylls by 11…22 %, full mineral fertilizer on acid soil background led to decrease in the content of pigments by 6.7…11.7 %. In colder conditions of 2019 nitrogen fertilizers did not influence the content of pigments, full mineral fertilizer increased the content of Chl a by 14.1…17.8 %, carotinoids – by 18.2…25.4 %. In the conditions of 2019 the content of Chl a significantly depended on nitrogen content in leaves (r = 0.52…0.92) and correlated with phosphorus level in the soil: for Chl a – r = 0.74 and 0.54, for Chl b r = 0.73 and 0.75 (acid soil background and soil background with lime application, respectively).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.