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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2021.22.3.401-408</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-804</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ: ЗООТЕХНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ОRIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES: ZOOTECHNY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неравновесное сцепление (гаметическое неравновесие) структурных генов в популяции крупного рогатого скота</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Disequilibrium linkage (gametic disequilibrium) of structural genes in the bovine population</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матюков</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matyukov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Матюков Валерий Самуилович, кандидат биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории геномики</p><p>ул. Ручейная, д. 27, г. Сыктывкар, Республика Коми, 167023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery S. Matyukov, PhD in Biology, leading researcher, the Laboratory of Genomics</p><p>27, st. Rucheinaya, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, 167023</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nipti38@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3343-9012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайнуллин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zainullin</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайнуллин Владимир Габдуллович, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории геномики</p><p>ул. Ручейная, д. 27, г. Сыктывкар, Республика Коми, 167023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir G. Zainullin, leading researcher, the Laboratory of Genetics</p><p>27, st. Rucheinaya, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, 167023</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nipti38@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт агробиотехнологий им. А. В. Журавского Коми НЦ УрО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. V. Zhuravsky Institute of Agro-Biotechnologies of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>401</fpage><lpage>408</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Матюков В.С., Зайнуллин В.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Матюков В.С., Зайнуллин В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Matyukov V.S., Zainullin V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/804">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/804</self-uri><abstract><p>В популяции крупного рогатого скота холмогорской породы (n = 824) исследовали гаметическое неравновесие по аллелям полиморфных локусов β-Lg (LGB), β-Cn (CSN2) и æ-Cn (CSN3). У чистопородного холмогорского скота полиморфизм β-казеина детерминирован тремя аллелями с частотами встречаемости CSN2А1 – 0,368±0,0076, CSN2А  – 0,497±0,0078, CSN2 B – 0,136±0,0056; æ-казеина соответственно CSN3A – 0,689±0,0061, CSN3 В – 0,311±0,0061. Полиморфизм β-лактоглобулина контролируется двумя аллелями LGBА и LGBВ с частотой встречаемости соответственно 0,237±0,0048 и 0,763±0,0048. В популяции племенных заводов выявлено гаметическое неравновесие по аллелям локусов CSN2 и LGB, CSN2 и CSN3. Первичной причиной возникновения гаметического неравновесия, видимо, послужило исходное различие аборигенного русского и черно-пёстрого скота Западной Европы, на основе которых формировался генофонд холмогорской породы. В популяции выявлен избыток гаплотипов β-CnВæ-CnВ, β-CnВβ-LgВ (фаза «притяжения»), видимо, характерных для аборигенного русского скота и β-CnА 1æ-CnА, β-CnА 2β-LgА, в большей степени свойственных черно-пёстрому скоту Западной Европы и недостаток β-CnВæ-CnА, β-CnВβ-LgА (фаза «отталкивания»), обусловленный низкой частотой встречаемости этих гаплотипов у обеих исходных пород. Обсуждается роль различных факторов в возникновении и поддержании гаметического неравновесия. Высказано предположение, что длительное сохранение в популяции гаметического неравновесия по аллелям не сцепленных локусов, скорее всего, поддерживается отбором.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the population of Kholmogor cattle (n=824), gametic disequilibrium was studied for alleles of the polymorphic loci β-Lg (LGB), β-Cn (CSN2) and æ-Cn (CSN3). In purebred Kholmogor cattle, the β-casein polymorphism is determined by three alleles with the frequencies of CSN2А 1 – 0.368±0.0076, CSN2А 2 – 0.497±0.0078, CSN2B – 0.136±0.0056 and the frequencies of acasein of CSN3А – 0.689 ±0.0061, CSN3B – 0.311±0.0061, respectively. The beta-lactoglobulin polymorphism is controlled by two alleles LGBA and LGBB with a frequency of 0.237±0.0048 and 0.763±0.0048, respectively. In the population of breeding plants, the gametic disequilibrium was revealed according to the alleles of loci CSN2 and LGB; CSN2 and CSN3. The factor that caused the gametic disequilibrium was probably the initial difference between native Russian cattle and black-and-white cattle of Western Europe on the basis of which the Kholmogor breed gene pool was developed. The population showed an excess of haplotypes β-CnВæ-CnВ, β-CnВβ-LgВ (the "attraction" phase), apparently inherited mainly from native Russian cattle, and β-CnА 1æ-CnА, β-CnА 2β-LgА characteristic mainly for black-and-white cattle of Western Europe and a lack of β-CnВæ-CnА, β-CnВβ-LgА (the "repulsion" phase), probably due to the low frequency of these haplotypes in both initial breeds. The role of various factors in the occurrence and maintenance of gamete disequilibrium is discussed. It is suggested that for alleles of non-linked loci, longtime retention of gametic disequilibrium in population is most likely supported by selection</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>холмогорская порода</kwd><kwd>гаплотипы</kwd><kwd>локусы</kwd><kwd>аллели</kwd><kwd>черно-пёстрый скот</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Kholmogor breed</kwd><kwd>haplotypes</kwd><kwd>loci</kwd><kwd>alleles</kwd><kwd>black-and-white cattle</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания № 0412-2019-0051 (Рег. № НИОКТР АААА-А20-120022790009-4). Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку данной работы</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment № 0412-2019-0051 (theme No. АААА-А20-120022790009-4).  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