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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agronauka</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Science Euro-North-East</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9081</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-1396</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FARC North-East</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30766/2072-9081.2021.22.5.641-660</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agronauka-874</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу об охране грибов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the conservation of fungi</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-0376</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Широких</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirokikh</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Широких Александр Анатольевич - доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биотехнологии растений и микроорганизмов.ул. Ленина, д. 166а, Киров, 610007.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Shirokikh - DSc in Biological Science, leading researcher, the Laboratory of Biotechnology of Plants and Microorganisms, Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky.Lenin str., 166a, Kirov, 610007.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">priemnava@fanc-sv.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3319-2729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Широких</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirokikh</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Широких Ирина Геннадьевна - доктор биологических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией биотехнологии растений и микроорганизмов.ул. Ленина, д. 166а, Киров, 610007.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Shirokikh - DSc in Biological Science, professor, leading researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Biotechnology of Plants and Microorganisms, Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky.Lenin str., 166a, Kirov, 610007.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irgenal@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока имени Н.В. Рудницкого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>641</fpage><lpage>660</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Широких А.А., Широких И.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Широких А.А., Широких И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shirokikh A.A., Shirokikh I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/874">https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/874</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена актуальной на сегодняшний день проблеме сохранения биологического разнообразия в современном мире. Рассмотрены основные принципы и специфические подходы к вопросам охраны макромицетов, как организмов, трудно поддающихся качественному и количественному учету, в силу особенностей биологии и жизненного цикла. Обсуждаются отечественные и мировые тенденции и практики в сфере охраны видового разнообразия агарикоидных грибов как неотъемлемого компонента любой экосистемы. Представлена информация о специфике выявления регионального грибного разнообразия, редких и находящихся под угрозой исчезновения видов для включения в Красные списки различного уровня, определения границ грибных популяций, в т. ч. с привлечением методов баркодинга. Отмечена необходимость уточнения и обоснования изменения статусов отдельных видов и выделения ключевых участков, несущих специфические и типичные микологические комплексы, для организации особо охраняемых природных территорий. Обосновывается мысль о том, что система охраны грибов должна быть интегрирована в общую систему охраны природы. Наряду с охраной редких и исчезающих видов грибов в типичных для них местообитаниях (заповедниках, природных парках, заказниках и т. д.), дан краткий анализ приоритетных направлений сохранения грибного генофонда в научных коллекциях и банках ex situ. Живые мицелиальные культуры могут быть использованы для создания новых устойчивых популяций при реинтродукции редких и исчезающих видов, а также в биотехнологиях получения полезных для человека грибных метаболитов. В заключение затрагивается тема повышения эффективности охранных мероприятий через цифровизацию информационных систем: свободный и открытый доступ к данным о подлежащих охране видах грибов путем создания специализированных компьютерных баз, веб-сайтов и единых информационных банков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the actual problem of conservation of biological diversity in the modern world. The basic principles and specific approaches to the protection of macromycetes as organisms that are difficult in qualitative and quantitative accounting due to the peculiarities of biology and life cycle have been studied. Domestic and global trends and practices in the field of protecting the species diversity of agaricoid fungi as a component of any ecosystem are discussed. The information on the features of regional fungal diversity detection, rare and threatened species for inclusion into the Red lists of various levels as well as on determining the boundaries of fungal populations, including using barcoding methods is provided. It is noted that for the organization of specially protected natural areas, it is necessary to specify and substantiate the changes in the status of separate species, to identify key areas with specific and typical mycological complexes. The idea that the system of mushroom protection should be integrated into the general system of nature protection is substantiated. Along with the protection of rare and endangered fungi species in their typical habitats (nature reserves, nature parks, wildlife areas, etc.), priority directions for preserving the gene pool of fungi in scientific collections and ex situ banks are described. Live mycelial cultures of fungi can be used for the development of new resistant populations by the reintroduction of rare and endangered species, as well as for the production of fungal metabolites useful for humans. There has been also discussed the problem of improving the effectiveness of protective measures through the digitalization of information systems: free and open access to the data on the endangered fungi species through the development of specialized computer databases, websites and unified information banks.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>видовое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>коллекции</kwd><kwd>Красная книга</kwd><kwd>макромицеты</kwd><kwd>охрана in situ</kwd><kwd>редкие виды</kwd><kwd>сохранение ex situ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>species diversity</kwd><kwd>collections</kwd><kwd>Red Data Book</kwd><kwd>macromycetes</kwd><kwd>in situ conservation</kwd><kwd>rare species</kwd><kwd>ex situ conservation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ «Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока имени Н.В. Рудницкого» (тема № 0767-2019-0090). Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку данной работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky (theme No. 0767-2019-0090). The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryan M. J., McCluskey K., Verkleij G., Robert V., Smith D. Fungal biological resources to support international development: Challenges and opportunities. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2019;35(9):139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-019-2709-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryan M. 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