agronaukaАграрная наука Евро-Северо-ВостокаAgricultural Science Euro-North-East2072-90812500-1396FARC North-East10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.1.7-15agronauka-934Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEWБолезнь Шмалленберг: обзор литературы и эпизоотическая ситуация в мире и РоссииSchmallenberg disease: literature review and epizootic situation in the world and in Russiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-0334БуроваО. А.BurovaO. A.

 зам. руководителя группы

ул. Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород, Российская Федерация

Deputy Group Leader

Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation 

burovaolga@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-2989ЗахароваО. И.ZakharovaO. I.

 научный сотрудник

ул. Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород, Российская Федерация

researcher

Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation 

nnovgorod@ficvim.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4786-6886ТороповаН. Н.ToropovaN. N.

 микробиолог

ул. Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород, Российская Федерация

microbiologist

Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation 

nnovgorod@ficvim.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4324-725XЛисковаЕ. А.LiskovaE. A.

 кандидат вет. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

ул. Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород, Российская Федерация

PhD in Veterinary Science, leading researche

Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation 

nnovgorod@ficvim.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7359-2041ЯшинИ. В.YashinI. V.

 кандидат биол. наук, директор филиала

ул. Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород, Российская Федерация

PhD in Biological Science, Director of the Branch

Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation 

nnovgorod@ficvim.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-1184БлохинА. А.BlokhinA. A.

 кандидат вет. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

ул. Ветеринарная, д. 3, г. Нижний Новгород, Российская Федерация

PhD in Veterinary Science, leading researcher

Veterinarnaya st., 3, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation 

nnovgorod@ficvim.ruФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии» (ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВиМ), Нижегородский научно-исследовательский ветеринарный институт − филиал ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии»РоссияFederal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Nizhny NovgorodRussian Federation202225022022231715Copyright © Бурова О.А., Захарова О.И., Торопова Н.Н., Лискова Е.А., Яшин И.В., Блохин А.А., 20222022Бурова О.А., Захарова О.И., Торопова Н.Н., Лискова Е.А., Яшин И.В., Блохин А.А.Burova O.A., Zakharova O.I., Toropova N.N., Liskova E.A., Yashin I.V., Blokhin A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.agronauka-sv.ru/jour/article/view/934

Болезнь Шмалленберг – это относительно новая вирусная болезнь жвачных животных, которая передается кровососущими членистоногими. Возбудитель болезни Шмалленберг представляет собой РНК-вирус с тремя геномными сегментами, который устойчив к частым мутациям. К вирусу болезни Шмалленберг восприимчивы жвачные животные, особенно овцы, а также коровы и козы. Впервые болезнь Шмалленберг зарегистрирована в Германии в августе 2011 года. В 2012-2013 годах инфекция распространилась на большую часть Северо-Западной Европы. Основным путем распространения болезни были насекомые-переносчики. Распространение болезни на большие расстояния было обусловлено перемещением племенного инфицированного скота. Именно таким путем болезнь была завезена в Россию в 2012 году. Следовательно, болезнь имеет выраженный трансграничный потенциал при несоблюдении ветеринарных правил ввоза импортного скота. Болезнь может иметь высокую заболеваемость, но при этом характеризуется низкой летальностью. Основные экономические потери складываются из снижения продуктивности, абортов, нарушения процесса воспроизводства стада. Контроль болезни эффективно реализуется с помощью вакцинации и общих карантинных и профилактических мер.

Schmallenberg disease is a relatively new viral disease of ruminants that is transmitted by bloodsucking anthropods. The causative agent of Schmallenberg disease is an RNA virus with three genomic segments. The virus is resistant to frequent mutations. Ruminants, especially sheep, cows and goats are susceptible to the disease. First, Schmallenberg disease was reported in Germany in August 2011. In 2012-2013, the infection spread to the most part of Northwestern Europe. Insect vectors were the main mechanism for the spread of the disease. The spread of the disease over long distances was due to the movement of infected breeding cattle. It was in this way that the disease was introduced to Russia in 2012. Consequently, the disease has a high cross-border potential, especially if veterinary rules for the import of imported livestock are not followed. The disease can have a high incidence, but it is characterized by low mortality. The main economic losses include a decrease in productivity, abortions, and disturbances in the process of animal reproduction. Disease control is effectively implemented through vaccination and general quarantine and preventive measures.

новый вирусэтиологиявекторы-переносчикижвачные животныераспространениепрофилактикаnew virusetiologyvectorsruminantsspreadpreventionработа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр вирусологии и микробиологии» (тема № FGNM-0451-2021-0004). Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.the research was carried out under the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state assignment (theme No. FGNM-0451-2021-0004). The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.ReferencesConraths F. J., Peters M., Beer M. Schmallenberg virus, a novel orthobunyavirus infection in ruminants in Europe: potential global impact and preventive measures. New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 2013;61(2):63-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2012.738403Conraths F. J., Peters M., Beer M. 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Epizootiological study on spatiotemporal clusters of Schmallenberg virus and Lumpy skin diseases: The case of Russia. Veterinary World. 2018;11(9):1229-1236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.1229-1236Claine F., Coupeau D., Wiggers L. Muylkens B., Kirschvink N. Modelling the evolution of Schmallenberg virus seroprevalence in a sheep flock after natural infection. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2018;154:132-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.03.024Claine F., Coupeau D., Wiggers L. Muylkens B., Kirschvink N. Modelling the evolution of Schmallenberg virus seroprevalence in a sheep flock after natural infection. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2018;154:132-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.03.024Wernike K., Beer M. Schmallenberg Virus: To Vaccinate, or Not to Vaccinate? Vaccines. 2020;8(2):287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020287Wernike K., Beer M. Schmallenberg Virus: To Vaccinate, or Not to Vaccinate? Vaccines. 2020;8(2):287. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.