Changes in the agrochemical parameters of sod-podzolic soils under the influence of chromium pollution and recultivation measures

In the conditions of the Udmurt Republic, field experiments (2017-2021) were carried out on the remediation of  agro-podzolic loamy soil (albeluvisoils) with a high level of chromium contamination (application of 500 mg a.i./kg of soil). Both chemical and physicochemical mechanisms have been used to reduce the degree of mobility of this heavy metal in soil. Ameliorants and fertilizers (limestone and phosphate rock, superphosphate, potassium humate, peat, zeolite) in various doses were studied as ameliorative additives. Various doses of ameliorants and fertilizers were studied as ameliorative additives: limestone and phospharite meal, superphosphate, potassium humate, peat and zeolite. As a result of the research, it was found that all ameliorative additives not only caused a sharp decrease in the mobility of chromium by 40-65 %, but also had a positive effect on the agrochemical parameters of the contaminated soil. The nature and parameters of this influence were determined by their chemical composition, the rate of application, and the period that passed after the application. Limestone flour statistically significantly reduced soil acidity in contaminated soil (by 1.21-3.03 pH_KCl units) and increased the total of absorbed bases by 1.7-6.5 times. Phospharite meal (by 2.1-9.1 times) and superphosphate (by 13-43 %) increased the mobile phosphorus content in the soil; peat increased the organic matter content (by 0.28-1.47 abs.%); zeolite increased the total exchangeable bases by 1.4-9.8 mmol/100g or by 12-239 %. The positive effect of these ameliorative additives, especially their increased doses, was traced during all five years of observation, what allows them to be recommended as promising ameliorants for restoring the fertility of soddy-podzolic soils contaminated with chromium.

1. Benhaddya M., Boukhelkhal A., Halis Y., Hadjel M. Human health risks associated with metals from urban soil and road dust in an oilfield area of Southeastern Algeria. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2016;70(3):556-571. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0244-6

2. Edmondson J. L., Stott I., Davies Z. G., Gaston K. J., Leake J. R. Soil surface temperatures reveal moderation of the urban heat island effect by trees and shrubs. Scientific Reports. 2016;7(1):33708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33708

3. Dyakova N. A. Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in great nettle (Urtica Dioica L.) leaf tissues. Ul'yanovskiy mediko-biologicheskiy zhurnal = Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal. 2020;(2):145-156. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2020-2-145-156

4. Reut A. A., Denisova S. G. The content of heavy metals in the raw materials of some representatives of the genus Paeonia L. in an urbanized environment. Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Agronomiya i zhivotnovodstvo = RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries. 2021;16(4):337-352. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2021-16-4-337-352

5. Hochberg M. E., Noble R. J. A framework for how environment contributes to cancer risk. Ecology Letters. 2017;20(2):117-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12726

6. Loud J. T., Murphy J. Cancer Screening and Early Detection in the 21st Century. Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 2017;33(2):121-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2017.02.002

7. Lednev A. V., Lozhkin A. V., Beznosov A. I. Heavy metals in the soils of the Udmurt Republic and methods that reduce their migration in the soil-plant system. Izhevsk: FGBOU VP Izhevskaya GSKhA, 2016. 175 p.

8. Vodyanitskiy Yu. N., Ladonin D. V., Savichev A. T. Soil pollution with heavy metals. Moscow: GNU Pochvennyy in-t im. V. V. Dokuchaeva RASKhN, 2012. 276 p.

9. Alekseev Yu. V. Heavy metals in soils and plants. Leningrad: Agropromizdat, Leningr. otd-nie, 1987. 142 p.

10. Bisessar S. Effect of lime on nickel uptake and toxicity in celery grown on muck soil contaminated by a nickel refinery. Science of The Total Environment. 1989;84:83-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(89)90372-0

11. Shilnikov I. A., Sychev V. G., Zelenov N. A., Akanova N. I., Fedotova L. S. Liming as a factor in productivity and soil fertility. Moscow: VNIIA, 2008. 340 p.

12. Lednev A. V., Lozhkin A. V., Pozdeev G. A. Scientific basis of remediation of soils contaminated with chromium. Agrokhimicheskiy vestnik = Agrochemical Herald. 2022;(6):78-82. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/1029-2551-2022-6-015

13. Lapa V. V. Liming of acidic soils in a complex of measures to preserve and increase their fertility. Zemledelie i zashchita rasteniy. 2018;(52):26-29.

14. Okorkov V. V. Absorption complex and mechanism of liming of acidic soils. Vladimir: VOOO VOI, 2004. 181 p.

15. Yagodin B. A. Ring of life. Moscow, 2002. 135 p.

16. Lednev A. V., Lozhkin A. V., Pozdeev G. A. Effect of land reclamation additives on agrochemical indicators of agro-soddy-podzolic soil contaminated with nickel. Agrokhimicheskiy vestnik = Agrochemical Herald. 2019;(6):67-74. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/0235-2516-2019-10094