Creation of grass mixtures for increasing productivity and nutritional value in the field fodder production in conditions of Republic of Komi

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies for 2010.2014 conducted under the conditions of the Republic of Komi on perennial grasses in single form and in grass mixtures, which included legume crops that are unconventional for the republic such as the horned lotus and hybrid clover. The rate of sowing seeds taking into account the emergence in single form was 10, in grass mixtures - 14.15 kg/ha. Seeding of grasses is uncovered. The plot area is 20 m², the replication is fourfold. Annually early in the spring fertilizing with mineral fertilizers was introduced at the rate of N 30 P 45 K 45 kg of acting matter per hectare. Harvesting of perennial agrocenoses was carried out during the budding phase - at the beginning of flowering of legumes. In the fifth year of life the height of the horned lotus in its single form corresponded to 78.2 cm which is 1.3 times higher than in the three-component grass mixture with meadow clover Orpheus and timothy grass. Timothy meadow in grass mixtures gained high of 92.2.107.0 cm to the cut ripeness. The yield of dry matter on average for years of research is dependened on the composition of the mixture and the varied in samples from 4.8 to 8.0 t/ha. The highest productivity was recorded in the three-component grass-mixed horned lotus Solnyshko + meadow clover Orpheus + timothy grass Severnaya - 8.0 t/ha which is 1.7 times higher than in lotus in single form and 0.6 t/ha more than in the two-component grass mix of meadow clover Trio + timothy grass and hybrid clover + timothy grass. The maximal gathering of crude protein per 1 kg of dry matter (16.7%) was obtained in the variant of a horned lotus in single form.