Changes in crop rotation productivity and stability of agrocenoses with prolonged use of fertilizers

The article considers the results of many years of field experiment (1968-2018) conducted in the Central part of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia (Vladimir region). The research was carried out during eleven rotations of the four-field grain crop rotation. The study shows the effect of use of organic and mineral fertilizers applied in various doses and combinations on crop rotation yield, fertility of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. It was found that the organomineral fertilizer system (manure 10 t/ha + N₅₀P₂₅K₆₀) provided stable crop rotation productivity (on average for eleven rotations) at the level of 39.9 c. e./ha, or 79.7 % higher than the control without fertilizers. The mineral fertilizer system at medium doses of fertilizers (N₅₀P₂₅K₆₀) was at the level of the organomineral system. The organic system was inferior in efficiency to the mineral system, both at medium doses (manure 10 t/ha) and at elevated doses (manure 20 t/ha). At the same time, the long-term use of organic fertilizers provided an increase in the humus content, depending on the dose of litter manure, by 16-36 % compared to the initial values. The use of organic fertilizers led to the stabilization of the content of available forms of potassium in the soil at an average and elevated level, respectively. Stabilization of the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil at the level of average supply was noted in mineral, organomineral and organic fertilizer systems, respectively, with low and medium doses. When using increased doses of fertilizers, there is a further increase in the content of nutrients in the soil. Growing crops in crop rotation without the use of organic and mineral fertilizers gradually led to a decrease in yield. The use of fertilizers provided greater stability of crop yields over the years of the study compared to the variant without fertilizers. The soil in the variants with organic (manure 20 t/ha) and organomineral (manure 10 t/ha + N₅₀P₂₅K₆₀) fertilizer systems was characterized by high values of the main physiological groups of microorganisms. The ratio of the number of amylolytic and proteolytic microorganisms was 1.1-1.2, that indicated a balance in the processes of mineralization of organic matter in the soil and its humification.

1. Kiryushin V. I. Adaptive landscape farming systems are the basis of modern agro-technological policy in Russia. Zemledelie. 2000;(3):4-6. (In Russ.).

2. Kuzmenko N. N. Dynamics of sod-podzolic soil fertility under agrotechnologiesof different intensity in flax crop rotation. Agrokhimiya. 2018;(9):14-19. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0002188118090077

3. Mineev V. G., Gomonova N. F., Morachevskaya E. V. Сhanges in potassium status and properties of loamy soddy-podzolic soil caused by the 40-year-long application of agrochemicals. Agrokhimiya. 2013;(10):3-12. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20394826

4. Khaydukov K. P., Shevtsova L. K., Kovalenko A. A., Milyutina A. A. Effect and aftereffect of the longterm use of different fertilizing systems on the acidity and organic matter of soil. Plodorodie. 2014;(1(76)):30-33. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21154607

5. Dai S., Wang J., Cheng Y., Zhang J., Cai Z. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil gross N transformation rates and their implications. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2017;16(12):2863-2870. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61673-3

6. Vasiliauskiene V., Masauskas V. Vilnius. Tresimo sistemos ir dirvozemio derlingumas/Sudaryt. 1994. Pp. 248-293.

7. Lapa V. V., Ivakhnenko N. N. Productivity of crop rotations and changes agrochemical properties of loamy sandy soddy-podzolic soil under long-term fertilization. Pochvovedenie i agrokhimiya. 2013;(1(50)):133-144. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36264010

8. Dzyuin A. G. Influence of fertilizer systems in long-term hospitality of crop rotation and agrochemical indicators of soil. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamental'nykh issledovaniy = International Journal of Applied And Fundamental Research. 2019;(5):103-108. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=38165687

9. Sychev V. G., Belichenko M. V., Romanenkov V. A. Results of monitoring crop yields, productivity of crop rotations, and changes in soil properties in long-term experiments of geographic network. Plodorodie. 2017;(6):2-5. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32312225

10. Lukin S. M., Merzlaya G. E. Comparative efficiencies of different long-term fertilization systems in crop rotations. Plodorodie. 2016;(5);42-47. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=27175741

11. Khaziev F. Kh., Gulko A. E. Enzymatic activity of soils under agrocoenoses: status and problems. Pochvovedenie = Eurasian Soil Science. 1991;(8):88-103. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28419580

12. Witter E., Martensson A. M., Garcia F. V. Size of the soil microbial biomass in a long-term field experiment as affected by different N-fertilizers and organic manures. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 1993;25(6):659-669. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(93)90105-K

13. Ushakov R. N., Ruchkina A. V. Influence of agro-gray soil fertility on microflora activity in the conditionsof drought in the non-chernozem zone of Russia. Agrokhimiya. 2020;(6):69-77. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0002188120060137

14. Merzlaya G. E. Agrocenosis stability during long-term application of fertilizerson soddy-podzolic soil. Pochvovedenie = Eurasian Soil Science. 2021;(3):355-362. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0032180X21030126