Results of the study of collection pea variety samples (Pisum sativum L.) according to agronomic traits

In 2015-2021, 58 collection pea variety samples of various morphotypes and ecological and geographical origin were studied in the field and laboratory conditions of the Falenky Breeding Station (Kirov region) in order to identify sources of breeding valuable traits for the creation of new varieties. For leafy morphotype samples the Krasnoufimskij 93 variety was taken as standard, for leafless morphotype – Falyonskyj usatyj. According to meteorological conditions, the years of the research contrastingly differed: the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) ranged from 0.82 (2016) to 2.57 (2019). The highest yield on average for the collection was formed in 2015 (HTC = 1.59) – 358±15 g/m2), the lowest in 2021 (HTC = 0.84) – 126±4 g/m2. The studied set of variety samples was mainly represented by medium-ripened (70-75 days on the average over the years of the research), medium-productive (201-250 g/m2) samples with a seed size of 150-250 g. There have been identified genotypes that exceeded the grain yield of standard varieties by 10% or more: Tigra (Germany) – 353 g/m2, Stabil (Austria) – 336 g/m2, Vyatich (Russia) – 308 g/m2, Flora (Russia) – 286 g/m2, G-21594 (Russia) – 283 g/m2, etc. Variety samples with high indicators of productivity elements have been identified. The highest number of fertile nodes (4.4-4.6 pcs.) was noted in leafy samples Verkholuzskaya, Ryabchik (Russia), Segio (the USA); the number of beans (6.0-6.1 pcs.) – in G-21594, Vyatich (Russia.), Ps var vittelinum – (Germany); the number of grains (24.1-27.1 pcs.) – in the variety Verkholuzskaya, G-21594, D-13560 (Russia). A higher seed productivity (5.2-5.6 g) was noted both in leafy morphotypes Grana (the USA), Omega (Moldova) and in leafless morphotype Stabil (Austria). It was found that the studied genotypes had high variability in grain yield, the number of fertile nodes, beans and grains per plant, the mass of 1000 seeds changed slightly. The statistically significant influence of the duration of the growing season on the number of fertile nodes (r = 0.27...0.60) and the number of beans per plant (r = 0.26...0.61) was established.

1. Zotikov V. I., Sidorenko V. S., Gryadunova V. S. Development of production of leguminous crops in the russian federation. Zernobobovye i krupyanye kul'tury = Legumes and Groat Crops. 2018;(2(26)):4-9. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/2309-348X-2018-10008

2. Zotikov V. I., Vilyunov S. D. Present-day breeding of legumes and groat crops in Russia. Vavilovskiy zhurnal genetiki i selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2021;25(4):381-387. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18699/VJ21.041

3. Shabolkina E. N., Anisimkina N. V., Maistrenko O. А. The study of biochemical properties of legume flour (peas, soybeans), physical and baking indicators of the dough from mixtures with wheat flour. Zernovoe khozyaystvo Rossii = Grain Economy of Russia. 2022;(1):65-69. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-79-1-65-69

4. Meurer M. C., De Souzab D., Damasceno L., Marczak F. Effects of ultrasound on technological properties of chicpea cooking water (aquafaba). Journal of Food Engineering. 2020;265:109688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.109688

5. Antipova L. V., Tolpygina I. N., Uspenskaya M. E., Popov V. I. Hygienic aspects and prospects for domestic production of vegetable proteins. Gigiena i sanitariya = Hygiene and Sanitation. 2015;94(9):51-54. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25462657

6. Zotikov V. I., Polukhin A. A., Gryadunova N. V., Sidorenko V. S., Khmyzova N. G. Development of production of leguminous and groat crops in russia based on the use of selection achievements. Zernobobovye i krupyanye kul'tury = Legumes and Groat Crops. 2020;(4(36)):5-17. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/2309-348X-2020-11198

7. Gurjev G. P., Vasilchikov A. G., Naumkin V. V. Comparative study of symbiotic nitrogen fixation of pea and soybean. Zemledelie. 2016;(5):17-19. (In Russ.).

8. Zotikov V. I. Domestic breeding of leguminous and cereal crops. Zernobobovye i krupyanye kul'tury = Legumes and Groat Crops. 2020;(3(35)):12-20. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/2309-348X-2020-11179

9. Ashiev A. R., Khabibullin K. N. The study of correlation between productivity and morphobiological traits of the collection peas samples. Zernovoe khozyaystvo Rossii = Grain Economy of Russia. 2020;(3):3-7. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2020-69-3-3-7

10. Vishnyakova M. A. VIR collection of genetic resources of grain legumes as an incorporative part of food, ecological and bio-resource safety. Zernobobovye i krupyanye kul'tury = Legumes and Groat Crops. 2017;(3(23)):29-32. (In Russ.) URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29924503

11. Sinjushin A. A., Ash O. A., Khartina G. A. Germplasm collection of a garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) and its application in researches. Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selektsii = Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding. 2016;177(3):47-60. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2016-3-47-60

12. Lepekhov S. B. Methods of choosing parental pairs for crosses in the breeding of self-pollinating crops for yield. Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selektsii = Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding. 2017;178(4):76-89. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2017-4-76-89

13. Vishnyakova M. A., Aleksandrova T. G., Buravtseva T. V., Burlyaeva M. O., Egorova G. P., Semenova E. V., Seferova I. V., Suvorova G. N. Species diversity of the VIR collection of grain legume genetic resources and its use in domestic breeding. Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selektsii = Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding. 2019;180(2):109-123. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-2-109-123

14. Filatova I. A. Formation of productivity elements of pea depending on weather conditions of the vegetation period. Zemledelie. 2018;(6):44-47. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/0044-3913-2018-10612

15. Kučerová J. Some correlation betwin parameteris of winter wheattechnological gualiti. Acta Vniv.Arg. Silvicult. Mendelianae – Brunensis. 2006;54(1):23-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun200654010023

16. Korobov A. P., Korobova N. A., Lysenko A. A., Shaposhnikova Yu. V. Vegetation period of collection pea samples. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2016;(3(59)):52-55. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=26454960