Study of bird cherry tree cultivars in the Kirov Region

The aim of the research was to study the main phenological phases passing by bird cherry tree samples, to evaluate them according to the complex of economically valuable traits and distinguish the best ones for non-professional horticulture in Kirov region. The objects for the study were 10 cultivars bred by the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Brunch of the Russian Academy of the RAS and 1 chokecherry form planted in 2016. On average during the years of the research, the vegetation period was 158 days that almost the same as the duration of vegetation period in Kirov (173 days). This indicated the maximum use of thermal resources of the region by the crop. On average for the years of evaluation, the sum of positive temperatures necessary for the beginning of vegetation was 84.2 ºС; for the beginning of phenological phase “floral initiation” – 232.2 ºС; for the beginning of phase “beginning of ripening” – 1170.0 ºС. On average for the period of study, the ‘Samoplodnaya’ cultivar was distinguished for productivity (4.70 kg/tree), that certainly exceeded an average result in collection. By the stability of fruiting there have been distinguished the ‘Sakhalinskaya Ustoychivaya’ (fruiting stability = 0.46) and ‘Avgustina’ (fruiting stability = 0.58) with average fruiting stability (0.40–0.75 according to Kashin). The analysis of large-fruitiness showed that 9 cultivar samples were referred to the group with an average size of a fruit (0.6–0.8 g) over the period of study. The studied forms showed stone content in a fruit on average from 13.7 % (‘Samoplodnaya’) to 28.4 % (‘Plotnokistnaya’) over the years of the research. By a combination of raceme length and amount of fruits in it (on average over the years of study) the ‘Samoplodnaya’ (13.4cm and 9.6 pieces) and ‘Mavra’ (13.7cm and 10.2 pieces) cultivars were distinguished. Among the studied samples 4 cultivars (36.4 %) with high fruit palatability (4.5–5,0 points) were distinguished: ‘Plotnokistnaya’ (4.7 points), ‘Mavra’ (4.7 points), ‘Pamyati Salamatova’ (4.7 points) and ‘Avgustina’ (4.5 points). The cultivars ‘Samoplodnaya’, ‘Plotnokistnaya’, ‘Pamyati Salamatova’, ‘Avgustina’ and ‘Mavra’ were distinguished by the complex of economically valuable traits and recommended for non-professional horticulture in Kirov region.

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