Применение разбавителей спермы быков: современное состояние (обзор)

В последние годы вспомогательные репродуктивные технологии в животноводстве включают искусственное оплодотворение, нуждающееся в высококачественной криоконсервированной сперме быков. Качественная заморозка зависит от оптимально подобранных параметров разбавителя спермы. Цель данного обзора – распространение знаний об использовании различных типов разбавителей и добавок к ним при криоконсервации спермы быков для улучшения её качества. В данной статье приведен обзор 64 научных работ отечественных и зарубежных исследователей по моделированию разбавителей для обеспечения максимального выхода качественной спермы после разморозки. Разработки создания оптимального разбавителя спермы для защиты сперматозоидов и сохранения качественной спермы от криоповреждения в течение длительного времени, которая может сохранять свои свойства в условиях жидкого азота продолжительное время, ведутся с середины ХХ века. В связи с этим для разбавления спермы быков перед криоконсервацией применяются как классические среды с известным составом (ЛЖГ, Tris, MOPS и др.), так и коммерческие среды (Andromed, BullXcell, OptiXcell и др.). Использование разнообразных вариантов разбавителей спермы быков исследователями разных стран предоставляет важную информацию о влиянии составов разбавителей на показатели качества мужских гамет, таких как подвижность, жизнеспособность, процент аномальных сперматозоидов и другие, после длительной криоконсервации. Кроме того,  в последнее время широко применяется внесение в состав разбавителей для оптимизации их свойств добавок, имеющих природное или синтетическое происхождение и, соответственно, различное воздействие на сперму и сперматозоиды. Данный обзор может быть полезен для организаций и лабораторий, занимающихся разработкой технологий создания разбавителей спермы быков.

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