Justification of design parameters and operating modes of a device for threshing seeds of grain legumes
https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2025.26.4.929-936
Abstract
In modern agriculture, optimization of threshing of leguminous crop seeds is becoming an increasingly important topic. The question is how to improve the threshing process to increase yields and improve seed quality. Legumes such as peas and soybeans play an important role, as they not only provide food security, but also improve soil structure due to their ability to accumulate nitrogen. Optimization of threshing implies the use of modern technologies and methods that allow for the most efficient extraction of seeds from beans. This includes the selection of threshing times, the use of specialized equipment and compliance with technologies that minimize seed losses. This paper provides a rationale for the design parameters of a threshing and separating device for differentiated threshing of leguminous crops and also defines some rational operating modes of the axial rotor when separating pea and soybean seeds that meet agrotechnical requirements. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies using the principle of reverse motion, rational ratios of the rotation frequencies of the rotor and its planetary rollers of the threshing and separating device have been determined, which corresponds to the optimal speed of threshing seeds with the least damage, in the range of 13.1...20.0 m/s for peas, 13.5...21.5 m/s for soybeans. The use of the proposed device allows for differentiated threshing and separation of leguminous crop seeds (peas and soybeans), ensuring a reduction in crushing to 0.68 % when threshing peas and 1.29% when threshing soybeans, with a simultaneous reduction in seed damage, respectively, that is, threshing seeds with increased sowing and yield qualities. The improvement of the quality indicators of the seeds released during threshing is also accompanied by a decrease in the specific energy intensity of the technological process, equal to 4.86 and 6.09 kJ/kg for peas and soybeans, respectively.
Supporting agencies: The research was carried out under the support of the Luhansk Voroshilov State Agricultural University (No. 082-00137-24-02 dated April 19, 2024).
About the Authors
Z. A. Godzhaev
Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Zakhid A. Godzhaev, DSc in Engineering, professor, corresponding member of RAS,
1st Institutskiy proezd, 5, Moscow, 109428
A. V. Kolesnikov
Luhansk Voroshilov State Agricultural University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Aleksey V. Kolesnikov, senior lecturer,
ter. LNAU, Building 1, Lugansk, LPR, 291008
References
1. Zotikov V. I., Polukhin A. A., Gryadunova D. N. Development of innovative technologies in crop production based on breeding achievements. Zernobobovye i krupyanye kul'tury = Legumes and Groat Crops. 2023;(2(46)):5–9. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/2309-348X-2023-2-5-9
2. Ushakov D.A., Maslov G.G. Perspective system for mechanization of field crops cultivation. Politematicheskiy setevoy elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Polythematic online scientific journal of Kuban State Agrarian University. 2020;(158):54–67. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21515/1990-4665-158-005
3. Maslov G. G., Yudina E. M., Ushakov D. A., Samurganov G. E. Design and technological aspects of spiked cereal combine stripping. E3s web of conferences. Krasnodar, Russia: EDP Sciences, 2021. Vol. 285. P. 07001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128507001
4. Orobinskiy V. I., Vorokhobin A. V., Kornev A. S., Golovin A. D., Bachurin I. G., Pozhidaev I. A. Fraction composition of the grain heap and its influence on the level of grain damage and sowing qualities of seeds. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Vestnik of Voronezh state agrarian university. 2021;14(3):12–17. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.53914/issn2071-2243_2021_3_12
5. Prisyazhnaya I. M., Prisyazhnaya S. P. Development of technology for harvesting soybeans using a two-phase threshing combine to obtain seeds in the conditions of the Amur region. Vestnik rossiyskoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoy nauki = Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science. 2023;(6):107–112. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/2500-2082/2023/6/107-112
6. Prisyazhnaya I. M., Prisyazhnaya S. P. Research of the process of threshing, separation and mechanical damage of soybean grain along the length of the thresher of a two-phase threshing combine. Agronauka. 2023;1(4):78–88. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/2949-2211-1-4-78-88
7. Ermak V. P., Kolesnikov A. V. Classification of threshing methods and analysis of designs of threshing machines for leguminous crops. Nauchnyy vestnik Luganskogo natsional'nogo agrarnogo universiteta. Seriya: Tekhnicheskie nauki = Scientific Bulletin of the State Educational Institution of the LPR “Luhansk National Agrarian University. Technical Sciences. 2012;(41):83–90. (In Russ.).
8. Plyaka V. I., Aldoshin N. V., Panov A. I., Sergeeva N. A. Improving axial-flow threshing-and-separating units. Agroinzheneriya = Agricultural Engineering (Moscow). 2022;24(4):16–21. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2022-4-16-21
9. Gievskiy A. M., Chernyshov A. V., Maslov D. L., Milgunov V. Yu. Provision of a rationale for the mode of operation of the threshing and separating device of the combine at soybean harvesting. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Vestnik of Voronezh state agrarian university. 2019;12(1(60)):50–56. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17238/issn2071-2243.2019.1.50
10. Gievskiy A. M., Orobinskiy V. I., Chernyshov A. V., Baskakov I. V., Druzhinin R. A. Rationale for choosing combine harvester type for harvesting soybean crops for feed and seed purposes. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Vestnik of Voronezh state agrarian university. 2022;15(1(72)):12–22. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.53914/issn2071-2243_2022_1_12
11. Chaplygin M. E., Zhalnin E. V. Comprehensive evaluation of modern combine harvester performance in Southern Russia. Sel'skokhozyaystvennye mashiny i tekhnologii = Agricultural Machinery and Technologies. 2024;18(2):47–54 (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2024-18-2-47-54
12. Zhalnin E. V., Chaplygin M. E. Improving the design of combine harvesters by harmonizing their basic technical parameters. Inzhenernye tekhnologii i sistemy = Engineering Technologies and Systems. 2023;33(3):403–416. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202303.403-416
13. Matsepuro M. E. The creative application of academician V. P. Goryachkin in scientific research on agricultural mechanization. Minsk: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk BSSR, 1956. 208 p.
14. Chebotarev M. I., Kolesnikov V. A., Kolesnikov A. V. Threshing drum: Patent RF, no. 2774848, 2022. URL: https://www1.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet
15. Kolesnikov V. A., Kolesnikov A. V. Threshing and separating device for threshing leguminous crops. Promyshlennost' i sel'skoe khozyaystvo = Industry and Agriculture. 2024;(13(78)):29–32. (In Russ.).
16. Ermak V. P., Kolesnikov V. A., Kolesnikov A. V. Substantination of optimum parameters of the threshing-separating device for differentiated threshing legumes. Vestnik Donskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Vestnik of Don State Agrarian University. 2016;(1-1):51–60. (In Russ.). URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25940950
Review
For citations:
Godzhaev Z.A., Kolesnikov A.V. Justification of design parameters and operating modes of a device for threshing seeds of grain legumes. Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2025;26(4):929-936. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2025.26.4.929-936
Views:
15
Email this article 