The role of feed additives in the formation of ruminant productivity (review)

There are various types of feed additives: amino acids, minerals, vitamins, probiotics, prebiotics, hormones, and enzymes. Biologically active additives used both in their natural form and in a complex accelerate metabolism which leads to increased productivity and improved quality of products obtained from animals. Macro- and microelements have a good effect on the metabolism in the body of cows, the amount of milk yield, the composition of milk and its technological properties. Scientists have proven that the main limiting amino acid for ruminants is methionine, and with the addition of lysine and methionine together to the basic diet, additional milk yield is obtained. There is evidence that probiotics combined with prebiotics have proven themselves positively, such a combination is called "synbiotics". These two products purposefully support each other, which is the most likely approach to reducing the number of pathogens in dairy products. Currently, the most widely used enzyme preparations in animal husbandry are compositions containing xylanase, cellulase, and beta-glucanase. The cellulase enzyme significantly improves the daily milk yield, fat content and fatty acid composition of milk, as well as improves the absorption of nutrients. At the same time, the exogenous enzyme xylanase has no effect on milk yield and contributes to a decrease in the efficiency of feed use in cows at the beginning of lactation. Thus, biologically active additives, both in their natural form and in a complex, make it possible to optimize the nutrient content in the body, improve scar digestion, increase milk yield and biological value of milk, and also have a positive effect on the reproductive ability of cows.

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