Use of biological product, micro- and macromineral fertilizers in the technology of cultivation of winter wheat cultivars

The aim of the of research is to study the effect of mineral fertilizers, Vostok EM-1 biopreparation and Nanosilicon microfertilizer on phytosanitary condition of crops and yield of 7 winter soft wheat cultivars bred by FRC “Nemchinovka”. The research was carried out in the Nizhny Novgorod region on light gray forest soil in 2022–2024. It was found that over the years of the research the degree of snow mold infection of winter wheat cultivars was significant and averaged 2.77 points (from 1.8 to 3.8 points over the cultivars); the prevalence of brown rust ranged from 13.1 to 33.1 %, and averaged 23.3 %; the spread of septoria infection varied from 55.3 to 88.2 % (on average, 69.0 %). The use of the Vostok EM-1 biopreparation during seed inoculation as well treatment of plants during the tillering phase of winter wheat with Vostok EM-1 and Nanosilicon preparations did not affect significantly the prevalence of brown rust and septoria in the crops of winter wheat during the years of the research. The yield of winter wheat cultivars varied on average over the years of experimental observation from 5.04 t/ha (‘Nemchinovskaya 17’ cultivar) to 6.91 t/ha (‘Moskovskaya 82’ cultivar). In arid conditions of vegetation (May-June 2022– 2024) the application of mineral fertilizers in doses N10P30K30 + N50 and N20P60K60 + N100 increased the average yield of winter wheat by 0.18 and 0.27 t/ha, respectively, compared with the variant without their use. Spraying wheat plants during the tillering phase with Nanosilicon microfertilizer and Vostok EM-1 biopreparation increased the average yield over the cultivars by 0.21 (3.9 %) and 0.55 (10.1 %) t/ha, respectively, compared with the control variant without treatments.

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