Effect of tillage methods and mineral nutrition levels on winter wheat yield

The purpose of the research was to study the complex effect of basic tillage techniques (moldboard plowing at 20–22 cm and combined boardless tillage at 14–16 cm) and mineral nutrition levels (without fertilizer, N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀, N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀ + OMF, N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀ + CAM, N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀) on the yield, yield structure indicators and grain quality of winter wheat of the ‘Moskovskaya 82’ cultivar. The research was carried out on sod-podzolic soil in the conditions of the Kirov region in 2022-2023. Organo-mineral fertilizer Polydon Amino Start (1 L/ha) and carbamide-ammonia mixture (CAM) (30 L/ha) were used for foliar fertilization during the tillering phase of the crop. Grain yield during the research years was 5.66–7.71 t/ha in 2022 and 2.63–7.25 t/ha in 2023, and was more dependent on the level of mineral nutrition. In 2023 there was a strong correlation between the yield, the number of ears per area unit, the number of grains per ear, and the weight of grain per ear (r – 0.76; 0.70 and 0.78, respectively). There was a significant increase in the number of productive stems in 2023 in the variants N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀ + CAM, N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀. The amount and weight of grain in the ear did not depend on the tillage method and the level of mineral nutrition. The weight of 1000 grains of winter wheat in 2023, when using moldboard plowing (57.3 g), was 2.2 g (LSD05 = 0.57 g) higher than when tilling with a combined unit (55.1 g). Thus, the studied factors had an impact only on the yield and weight of 1000 grains. Evaluation of the quality of winter wheat grain showed that the studied factors did not have a significant effect on the content of protein, fiber and ash. To a greater extent, these indicators were influenced by the weather conditions of spring and summer growing season: the share of influence on the amount of protein in the grain was 42.5 %, on the fiber content – 59.2 %. According to the State Standard-9353-2016 (Soft wheat. Technical specifications) on the protein content in 2022, grain of the 3rd and 4th classes was obtained, in 2023 – grain of the 3rd quality class.

1. Belous N. M., Torikov V. E., Shpilev N. S., Mel'nikova O. V., Malyavko G. P., Naumova M. P., Nesterenko O. M. Winter grain crops: biology and cultivation technologies. Bryansk: Bryanskiy GAU, 2010. 137 p. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?edn=tvjyuv

2. Goryanin O. I., Goryanina T. A. Efficiency of crop growing in steppe zone of zavolzhye. Vestnik Saratovskogo gosagrouniversiteta im. N. I. Vavilova = The Bulletin of Saratov State Agrarian University in honor of N. I. Vavilov. 2013;(11):19–22. (In Russ.).

3. Fedorenko V. F., Sapozhnikov S. N., Petukhov D. A., Challygin M. E., Sviridova S. A., Altukhov A. I. et al. Scientifi c foundations for the production of high-quality wheat grain. Moscow: Rosinformagrotekh, 2018. 396 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25930/skc8-gc14

4. Solodovnikov A. P., Levkina A. Yu. The influence of soil cultivation methods and agrochemicals on the productivity and quality of winter wheat grain in the Saratov Trans-Volga region. Agrarnyy nauchnyy zhurnal = The Agrarian Scientific Journal. 2020;(3):29–35. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i3pp29-35

5. Lapshinov N. A., Pakul V. N., Bozhanova G. V., Kuksheneva T. P. Accumulation and preservation of productive moisture in resource-saving. Mezhdunarodnyy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy zhurnal = International Research Journal. 2013;(4-1(11)):131–134. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=19029425

6. Raimanova I. The effects of differentiated water supple after anthesis and nitrogen fertilization on 15N of wheat grain. Haberle. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2010;24(3):261–266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4382

7. Kozlova L. M., Rubtsova N. E., Soboleva N. N. Experience of design and approaches to improving adaptive farming systems on the landscape basis in the central zone of the North-eastern region of the european part of Russian federation. Agrarnaya nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2016;(5):56–62. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=26605314

8. Emel'yanova A. A., Dubovik D. V., Aydiev A. Ya., Logvinova V. E. Changes in the yield and quality of winter wheat grain depending on the variety and doses of mineral fertilizers. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AICis. 2022;36(11):26–30. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.53859/02352451_2022_36_11_26

9. Gureev I. I., Gostev A. V., Nitchenko L. B., Luk'yanov V. A., Khlyupina S. V., Prushchik I. A. Agroecological assessment of the technology for the winter wheat grain production under the conditions of the Central Black Earth region. Zemledelie. 2022;(6):37–40. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/0044-3913-2022-6-37-40

10. Shapovalova N. N., Men'kina E. A., Akhmedshina D. A. Diagnostic indicators of soil supply with nutrients for the formation of high yield of winter wheat. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AICis. 2022;36(5):5–10. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.53859/02352451_2022_36_5_5

11. Kravchenko R. V., Arkhipenko A. A. Optimization of mineral nutrition at minimization of the basic soil treatment in the technology of cultivation of winter wheat. Trudy Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2019;(80):150–155. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21515/1999-1703-80-150-155

12. Kamilov B. S., Dzhabborov Sh. R., Beknazarov D. N. Foliar fertilization effect on winter wheat grain quality in typical gray soils with irrigated conditions. Byulleten' nauki i praktiki = Bulletin of Science and Practice. 2022;(4):207–211. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/77/24

13. Pigorev I. Ya., Kudinov V. A., Biryukov G. A. The effect of macro and micro fertilizers on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops. Vestnik Kurskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoy akademii = Vestnik of Kursk State Agricultural Academy. 2021;(8):80–89. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47324378

14. Grib S. I., Berestov I. I., Melnikov R. V. Yield of spring soft wheat cultivars and yield structure elements at different levels of plant nitrogen nutrition. Zemledelie i selektsiya v Belarusi = Arable Farming and Plant Breeding in Belarus. 2018;(54):68–75. (In Belarus). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35647223

15. Vedrov N. G. Breeding and seed production of spring wheat in extreme conditions. Krasnoyarsk: Izd-vo Krasnoyar. un-ta, 1984. 239 p.

16. Fadeeva I. D., Kurmakaev F. F., Saubanova G. R. Formation of grain quality by winter wheat varieties. Zernobobovye i krupyanye kul'tury = Legumes and Groat Crops. 2024;(3):41–47. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/2309-348X-2024-3-41-47

17. Kovalenko S. A., Grabovets A. I., Kadushkina V. P. Correlation interconnection between yield and its structure elements in hard spring wheat varieties of don selection. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta = Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University. 2017;(5(67)):31–33. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30547753

18. Kazakov G. I., Markovskiy A. A. Soil treatment in Trans-Volga river forest-steppe zone. Zemledelie. 2011;(8):28–29. (In Russ.).

19. Bakaeva N. P., Saltykova O. L. The productivity of spring wheat depending on ways of basic soil cultivation and fertilizers. Izvestiya Samarskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoy akademii = Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2019;(3):3–9. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=39192654

20. Bakaeva N. P. Influence of weather conditions, soil processing systems and fertilizers on the yield and quality structure of spring wheat. Izvestiya Samarskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoy akademii = Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2019;(4):12–19. (In Russ.) URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41234901

21. Magarill K. A. The influence of basic tillage techniques on the structure of the spring durum wheat crop in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The contribution of young scientists to agricultural science: Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference. Kinel': RITs SGSKhA, 2016. pp. 110–112.

22. Filin V. I., Belyakov A. M. Winter wheat in the Lower Volga region. Volgograd: VolGU, 2006. 258 p.