Breeding new tomato cultivars for southern Russia

Tomato is the most popular vegetable crop and its fruits are consumed fresh and as processed products. For each type of use, cultivars with specific fruit qualities are required. The objective of the research was to study new tomato cultivars bred by the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable and Melon Growing according to the complex of agronomic traits in a competitive trial nursery. The studies were conducted from 2022 to 2024 under the conditions of the Astrakhan region. The objects of the study were new tomato cultivars ‘Krasny naliv’, ‘Rozovy sharm’, and ‘Ozarenie’, as standard there were used cultivars ‘Astrakhanskij’ (with round fruits) and ‘Torpeda’ (with elongated, plum-shaped fruits). According to the results of the competitive variety trial high productivity and adaptability of the studied cultivars in the agro-climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region have been established. In a comparative analysis with the standard ‘Astrakhanskij’ cultivar in the group of salad-type varieties the highest yield indicators were recorded for the ‘Krasny naliv’ cultivar (71.6 t/ha) that was 1.8 t/ha higher than the standard. This, combined with a better marketability indicator (97.9 %), allowed it to be identified as the most promising. The ‘Rozovy sharm’ cultivar was 5.3 t/ha less than the standard in the yield (64.5 t/ha), but surpassed it in marketability by 1.1 % (95.7 % versus the standard's 94.6 %). In the second group, the new cultivar ‘Ozarenie’ 1.8 t/ha exceeded the standard ‘Torpeda’ in the yield (51.6 t/ha) but was slightly inferior in terms of marketability. It was established that the adaptability coefficient of all studied genotypes, including the new cultivars and the standards, varied around one. This characterizes them as highly adaptive, which is manifested in their ability to produce consistently high yields due to the resistance to the complex of unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmental factors characteristic of the Astrakhan region. The introduction of these cultivars into production will help to expand the assortment and support import substitution for this crop.

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