Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of udder treatment products for cows against microorganisms causing mastitis

In connection with the development of antibiotic resistance in animal husbandry and the decrease in the effectiveness of existing treatment regimens for inflammatory diseases of the mammary gland in cows, the implementation of more effective preventive measures is an urgent task. The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of 10 agents with different active ingredients (chlorhexidine, iodine, lactic acid) for udder teats treatment after milking. The work used clinical, microbiological, viscosimetric research methods, the agar diffusion method. Experimental studies were carried out on the basis of agricultural organizations of the Sverdlovsk region with different types of keeping and milking cows. For further studies 21 animals were selected. When examining cows with no clinical signs of mastitis, it was found that 47.6 % of animals had a subclinical form of mastitis. All samples of cow mammary gland secretion were contaminated with the following microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (non-pathogenic type), Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., Mucor. From the washes taken from the skin of the cow mammary gland teats, 55 isolates of microorganisms were isolated, among which the main etiologically significant agents in the development of inflammatory processes were: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (non-pathogenic type), Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp. The studies have established that Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to iodine- and lactic acid-based teat treatment agents after milking in 53.3 % and 46.7 % of cases, respectively; the minimum number of isolates (40.0 %) were resistant to agents that used chlorhexidine as the active ingredient. The effectiveness of chlorhexidine-based agents against Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli (non-pathogenic type), Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp. isolates was 62.5–87.5 %. Thus, the research has shown that chlorhexidine-based agents are the most effective for use in treating udder teats after milking as one of the stages of mastitis prevention.

1. Vasilyev V. V. Economic damage due to loss milk in case of cows. Veterinariya = Veterinary. 2008;(1):32–34. (In Russ.).

2. Ekkhorutomven O. T., Medvedev G. F., Stukina A. I. Causes, frequency of mastitis in cows and their milk production. Zhivotnovodstvo i veterinarnaya meditsina = Animal Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. 2022;(1(44)):7–11. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=48113263

3. Kapustin A. V., Ivanov E. V. Infectious mastitis in cows. Review. Trudi Vserossiyskogo NII eksperimentalnoy veterinarii imeni Ya. R. Kovalenko. 2020;81(2):57–75. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=58485492

4. Klimov N. T., Zimnikov V. I., Erin D. A., Pashentsev A. V. Problems of mastitis in cows and improvement of milk quality. Molochnaya promishlennost’ = Dairy Industry. 2018;(7):68–70. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35325777

5. Novikova E. N. The problem of mastitis in cows. Scientific support of the agro-industrial complex: collection of articles on the Proceedings of the All-Russian Conference of Young Scientists dedicated to the 120th anniversary of I. S. Kosenko. Responsible for the issue is A. G. Koshchaev. Krasnodar: Kubansky GAU im. I. T. Trubilina, 2017. pp. 254–255. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?edn=ynmvzj

6. Mironchik S. V., Babayants N. V. Current trends in the treatment of mastitis-infected cows. Aktualnie problemi intensivnogo razvitiya zhivotnovodstva. 2021;(24-2):277–285. (In Belarus). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46301078

7. Sharun K., Dhama K., Tiwari R., Gugjoo M. B., Iqbal Yatoo M., Patel S. K. et al. Advances in therapeutic and managemental approaches of bovine mastitis: a comprehensive review. Veterinary Quarterly. 2021;41(1):107–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2021.1882713

8. Sigmund M., Egger-Danner C., Firth C. L., Obritzhauser W., Roch F. F., Conrady B., Wittek T. The effect of antibiotic versus no treatment at dry-off on udder health and milk yield in subsequent lactation: A retrospective analysis of Austrian health recording data from dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science. 2023;106(1):452–461. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-21790

9. Shadskaya A. V., Makeev V. A., Polyansky D. I. To the problem of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms. Food security: from dependence to independence: collection of the Proceedings of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference. Orel: Orlovsky GAU im. N. V. Parakhina, 2017. pp. 237–238. URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?edn=yonqzw

10. Laishevtsev A. I., Smirnov D. D., Ezhova E. G., Pimenov N. V., Oleynik N. A. Antibiotic substitution programs in animal husbandry. Veterinariya, zootekhniya i biotekhnologiya = Veterinary Medicine, Zootechnics and Biotechnology. 2023;(2):111–122. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202302015

11. Makarov D. A. The problem of antibiotic resistance in humans due to the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. Kontrol kachestva produktsii = Production Quality Control. 2023;(8):43–48. (In Russ.). URL: https://ria-stk.ru/mos/adetail.php?ID=222393

12. Sokolova O. V., Bezborodova N. A., Krivonogova A. S., Zubareva V. D. Distribution of antibiotic-resistant isolates S. aureus in dairy farming. Permsky agrarny vestnik = Perm Agrarian Journal. 2023;(3(43)):105–112. (In Russ.). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=54893539

13. Bezborodova N., Sokolova O., Kozhukhovskaya V. Analysis of genetic markers of antibiotic resistance in the microbiota of reproductive organs and mammary glands in cows during the inflammatory process. On the occasion of the glorious 30th anniversary of Turkmenistan independence: Proceedings of scientific conference. Ashkhabad, 2021. pp. 504–507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5340303

14. Sokolova O. V., Shkuratova I. A., Bezborodova N. A., Kozhu-khovskaya V. V. Antibiotic resistance of microbiota of mamary gland and reproductive tract of cows. Veterinariya = Veterinary. 2021;(9):10–15. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30896/0042-4846.2021.24.9.10-15

15. Krivonogova A. S., Sokolova O. V., Bezborodova N. A., Moiseeva K. V., Isaeva A. G. Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance of enterococcus on a commercial dairy farm. Veterinariya Kubani. 2021;(4):9–12. (In Russ.). URL: http://vetkuban.com/num4_202103.html

16. Beaver A., Meagher R. K., Keyserlingk A. G., Weary D. M. Invited review: A systematic review of the effects of early separation on dairy cow and calf health. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019;102(7):5784–5810. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15603

17. Morton J. M., Penry J. F., Malmo J., Mein G. A. Premilking teat disinfection: is it worthwhile in pasturegrazed dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science. 2014;97(12):7525–7537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8185

18. Vakhnenko M. M. Evaluation of preventive measures during the process of milking cows in the farm of Anikiev A. V. Molodezh i nauka = Youth and science. 2023;(10):40. (In Russ.). URL: https://min.urgau.ru/ru/10-2023

19. Bibaeva Yu., Filatova A., Avdeenko V. Method of mastitis prevention and improve the quality of milk. Veterinariya selskokhozyaystvennikh zhivotnikh. 2023;(4):47–53. (In Russ.). URL: https://panor.ru/articles/metod-profilaktiki-mastita-i-povysheniya-kachestva-moloka/91900.html

20. Podrez V. N., Lytina М. А., Karpenia S. L., Shamich Y. V., Karpenia А. М. Impact of udder sanitation on teat microbial contamination and milk quality. Zootekhnicheskaya nauka Belarusi = Zootechnical Science of Belarus. 2021;56(2):169-177. (In Russ.). URL: https://zootech.belal.by/jour/article/view/1655/1548

21. Podrez V. N., Karpenya A. M., Karpenya S. L., Shamich Yu. V. Influence of final treatment cows nipples on the condition of the mammary gland and milk quality. Uchenie zapiski uchrezhdeniya obrazovaniya Vitebskaya ordena Znak pocheta gosudarstvennaya akademiya veterinarnoy meditsini. 2018;54(4):195–198. (In Belarus). URL: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36817228