Modeling of drive systems with automatic compensation of accompanying load impact on the working unit

Problems arising during the operation of hydraulically actuated systems caused by negative (accompanying) loads lead to reduced performance and possible failures in the supply of working fluid. The aim of the study is to develop modeling methods for drive systems with automatic compensation of the influence of accompanying load on the working elements of hydraulic equipment in agricultural machinery. The research methodology is based on mathematical modeling of hydromechanical systems of agricultural machines subjected to loads with variable direction, constructed through an analysis of force interactions within hydraulic drives. A mathematical model of a hydromechanical system with variable load is presented, based on an analysis of internal force interactions in hydraulic drives. Experimental studies confirmed the validity of the proposed mathematical models and identified rational design solutions for reducing the negative effect of load changes on the system. Various approaches to controlling the speed of hydraulic actuators subjected to external loads of variable direction are considered. The main results of the study are necessary for improving the performance of hydraulic drives in agricultural machinery such as wide-cut cultivators, stripping devices, and others, ensuring stable and controllable movement of working elements even under loads of alternating sign. Methods for calculating and designing hydraulic drives that maintain stable operation under changing load conditions have been developed. The advantage of using servo-type hydraulic locks with adjustable spool-type hydraulic resistance as the main component of the stabilization system is demonstrated, as they minimize the negative impact of variable loads on system operation. Experimental confirmation of the effectiveness of the proposed schemes and algorithms enables the application of the developed technologies in mass-produced agricultural machinery designs.

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